The Formation of Ch'an Ideology in China and Korea

The Formation of Ch'an Ideology in China and Korea

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This book contains an extensive study and a translation of the Vajrasamādhi Sūtra and makes a convincing argument to rethink the "national lines of argument" that had previously dominated discussions of East Asian Buddhist traditions. Buswell shows how Chan developed in multiple communities; it was not a Chinese phenomenon that was then exported to Korea and Japan. He also shows how the scripture is firmly in the Chinese Yogācāra tradition of Paramārtha, containing an extensive discussion of "immaculate consciousness" (amalavijñāna), the ninth consciousness which unites saṃsāra and nirvāṇa in a "single taste." Buswell draws on Japanese scholarship, such as that by Mozuno Kōgen, who first concluded that the sūtra was an apocryphon.

Citation	Buswell, Robert E., Jr. The Formation of Ch'an Ideology in China and Korea: The Vajrasamādhi-Sūtra, A Buddhist Apocryphon. Princeton Library of Asian Translations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989.

ContentsSources

• List o fIllustrationsix
• List of Tablesxi
• Prefacexiii
• Abbreviations and Conventionsxvii

PART ONE: STUDY

• Chapter One: The Vajrasamādhi-Sūtra as an Apocryphal Scripture3
  • Problems and Prospects of Studying the Vajrasamādhi-Sūtra4
  • The Eclecticism of the Vajrasamādhi24
  • The Model for the Vajrasamādhi's Narrative Structure29
  • The Vajrasamādhi in the Chinese Catalogues33

• Chapter Two: The Hagiographies of the Korean Scholiast Wǒnhyo: The Dating
         and Provenance of the Vajrasamādhi41
  • The Sung Kao-seng chuan Hagiography and the Provenance of the
    Vajrasamādhi43
  • The Samguk Yusa Hagiography and the Dating of the Vajrasamādhi 60

• Chapter Three: The Doctrinal Teachings of the Vajrasamādhi74
  • The Acculturation of Buddhism to East Asia74
  • Tathāgatagarbha and the Immanence of Enlightenment78
  • Amalavijñāna and the Innate Purity of Mind92
  • The Meaning of "Vajrasamādhi": The Practical Implications

of Innate Enlightenment104

• • The Vajrasamādhi's Message to Silla Buddhists115

• Chapter Four: Ch'an Elements in the Vajrasamādhi: Evidence

for the Authorship of the Sūtra123 Ch'an Influences in the Vajrasamadhi 123 Early Korean Son and the Legend of Pomnang 164

1. 金剛三昧經 (Jīn gāng sān mèi jīng), T273, 09: https://21dzk.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/SAT2012/T0273.html.

sūtra - Sūtras mainly refer to the discourses delivered by the Buddha and his disciples, and the Sūtra corpus is one of the three main sets of teachings which form the Buddhist canon. Skt. सूत्र Tib. མདོ། Ch. 佛经

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sūtra - Sūtras mainly refer to the discourses delivered by the Buddha and his disciples, and the Sūtra corpus is one of the three main sets of teachings which form the Buddhist canon. Skt. सूत्र Tib. མདོ། Ch. 佛经

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Yogācāra - Along with Madhyamaka, it was one of the two major philosophical schools of Mahāyāna Buddhism. Founded by Asaṅga and Vasubandhu around the fourth century CE, many of its central tenets have roots in the Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra and the so-called third turning of the dharma wheel (see tridharmacakrapravartana). Skt. योगाचार Tib. རྣལ་འབྱོར་སྤྱོད་པ་ Ch. 瑜伽行派

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amalavijñāna - The ninth consciousness, the immaculate pure mind. Ch. 啊摩羅識,無垢識

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amalavijñāna - The ninth consciousness, the immaculate pure mind. Ch. 啊摩羅識,無垢識

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amalavijñāna - The ninth consciousness, the immaculate pure mind. Ch. 啊摩羅識,無垢識

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amalavijñāna - The ninth consciousness, the immaculate pure mind. Ch. 啊摩羅識,無垢識

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sūtra - Sūtras mainly refer to the discourses delivered by the Buddha and his disciples, and the Sūtra corpus is one of the three main sets of teachings which form the Buddhist canon. Skt. सूत्र Tib. མདོ། Ch. 佛经

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sūtra - Sūtras mainly refer to the discourses delivered by the Buddha and his disciples, and the Sūtra corpus is one of the three main sets of teachings which form the Buddhist canon. Skt. सूत्र Tib. མདོ། Ch. 佛经

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tathāgatagarbha - Buddha-nature, literally the "womb/essence of those who have gone (to suchness)." Skt. तथागतगर्भ Tib. དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་ Ch. 如来藏

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amalavijñāna - The ninth consciousness, the immaculate pure mind. Ch. 啊摩羅識,無垢識

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amalavijñāna - The ninth consciousness, the immaculate pure mind. Ch. 啊摩羅識,無垢識

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