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The Source Text: Research/Primary Sources/Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra


The Mahāyānottaratantra Śāstra

ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོ་རྒྱུད་བླ་མའི་བསྟན་བཅོས།

༄།བྱམས་པ་མགོན་པོ།། ༄།འཕགས་པ་ཐོགས་མེད་།། Some quote from the text or by translator of this kind of work, like Karl? ... Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.

Treatise on the Sublime Continuum or the Ratnagotravibhāga[edit]

The teaching that all sentient beings have Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha) was first proclaimed in the Tathāgatagarbhasūtra. Developed in a series of Mahāyāna sūtras, such as the Śrīmālādevīsūtra and Anūnatvāpūrṇatvanirdeśasūtra, it was then systematized in the Ratnagotravibhāga, which is also called the Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra or in Tibet, the Gyü Lama (རྒྱུད་བླ་མ་).[1]


How to Study[edit]

  • Read
  • Watch
  • Study

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How to Contemplate[edit]

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How to Meditate[edit]

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The Gyü Lama[edit]

Text Information

Author: Maitreya (Byams pa) or Maitreyanātha (Byams pa mgon po)
Sanskrit Title: Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra
Alternate Title: Ratnagotravibhāga
Tibetan Title: Theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos
Translated to Tibetan by: Sajjana and Blo ldan shes rab
Tibetan Catalogue: Tôh. no. 4024. Dergé Tanjur, vol. PHI, folios 54v.1-73r.7

The Gyü Lama (རྒྱུད་བླ་མ་), also called the Mahāyānottaratantra Śāstra (ཐེག་ཆེན་རྒྱུད་བླ་མའི་བསྟན་བཅོས་), the Ratnagotravibhāga (RGV), or simply the Uttaratantra, is one of the most important texts of the Yogācāra tradition that expounds the tathāgatagarbha (buddha nature) theory, the idea that all sentient beings possess the nature of a buddha.[2] The Tibetan Buddhist tradition holds the Ratnagotravibhāga to be one of the Five Treatises that Maitreya taught to Asaṅga (4th century?). According to Klaus-Dieter Mathes, the Ratnagotravibhāga was largely ignored until the eleventh century when Indian scholars and adepts attempted to bring the tantric teachings in line with mainstream Mahāyāna.[3] The Ratnagotravibhāga and buddha nature theory provided the necessary doctrinal support for this kind of work, paving the road for its entry and subsequent importance within the Tibetan Buddhist dialogue.

As a whole, the Ratnagotravibhāga consists of three parts: (1) basic verses, (2) commentarial verses and (3) prose commentary, the third being the vyākhyā, the commentary attributed to Asaṅga.[4] Issues with regards to authorship arise when comparing the Sanskrit, Chinese and Tibetan texts, as the only extant Sanskrit version[5] attributes no author, and the only Chinese version, translated by Ratnamati sometime after 508[6], attribues the entire text to Sāramati.[7] (You can see various interpretations of the RGV authorship here.)

The only extant Tibetan version of the Ratnagotravibhāga was translated by rNgog Blo-ldan-shes-rab (1059–1109) and Sajjana (late 11th cent.),[8] though according to gZhon-nu-dpal there were a total of six translations made, the first by Atiśa (982–1054) and Nag-tsho Tshul-khrims-rgyal-ba (1011–1064).[9] rNgog Blo-ldan-shes-rab wrote the first commentary on the RGV[10] officially bringing it into Tibetan discourse at the end of the 11th century, from which point, the various Tibetan interpretations of the buddha nature theory take off. Mathes points to the main issue in the various interpretations as being whether the teaching that all beings are buddhas is provisional or definitive in meaning.[11] Over the next nine centuries, 45 commentaries were written on the Ratnagotravibhāga alone[12], and the text was referenced in "different ways to doctrinally support disputed traditions, such as the zhentong (gzhan stong) ("empty of other") of the Jonangpas (Jo nang pa) or sūtra-based mahāmudrā."[13] The text also serves as an important basis for both the Dzogchen tradition of Longchenpa and the Mahamudra tradition of the Kagyüpas.[14]


Tibetan Catalogue Information[15]
Version Catalogue # Category Vol. Folio #'s Alt
Peking 5525 sems tsam phi 54b7-74b6 (vol.108, p.24-32)
Dergé (Tôh.) 4024 sems tsam phi 54b1-73a7
Narthang 4314 sems tsam phi 48b3-69a3.
Kinsha [16] 3524 sems tsam phi 64b1 (p.33-3-1)
Cone 3991 sems tsam phi 51b1-69b1.

The emphasis of this site is to provide information on the resources available in the study of the Ratnagotravibhāga and all of its interpretations within the Tibetan Buddhist milieu. The information presented here is far from complete and will continue to develop as new scholarship arises. We welcome any feedback, and if you see any omissions or errors, please let us know via email.


The Five Dharmas of Maitreya[edit]

The Ornament of Clear Realization
Skt. Abhisamayālaṃkāra
Tib. མངོན་རྟོགས་པའི་རྒྱན་
Wyl. mngon par rtogs pa'i rgyan
The Ornament of the Mahayana Sutras
Skt. Māhayānasūtrālaṃkāra
Tib. ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ་སྡེ་རྒྱན་
Wyl. theg pa chen po'i mdo sde rgyan
Distinguishing the Middle from the Extremes
Skt. Madhyāntavibhāga
Tib. དབུས་དང་མཐའ་རྣམ་པར་འབྱེད་པ་
Wyl. dbus dang mtha' rnam par 'byed pa
Distinguishing Dharma and Dharmata
Skt. Dharma-dharmatā-vibhāga
Tib. ཆོས་དང་ཆོས་ཉིད་
Wyl. chos dang chos nyid rnam par 'byed pa
The Sublime Continuum
Skt. Uttaratantra Śāstra
Tib. རྒྱུད་བླ་མ་
Wyl. rgyud bla ma

Resources[edit]

BDRC Content[edit]

BDRC.png BDRC Derge Version
Bibliographical Title
theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos
Other Title
mahayanottaratantrasastra
Page Numbers
109-148 in Volume 123 of Work W23703
Location
ff. 54v-73r
Authorship
byams pa (author); sajjana (translator); blo ldan shes rab
Tohoku Catalog Num.
4024
Citation
tshul khrims rin chen. "theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos." In bstan 'gyur (sde dge). TBRC W23703. 123: 109 - 148. delhi: delhi karmapae choedhey, gyalwae sungrab partun khang, 1982-1985. http://tbrc.org/link?RID=O1GS6011%7CO1GS601137645$W23703
BDRC.png BDRC Narthang Version
Bibliographical Title
theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos/
Title Page Title
mahayana uttara tantara sastra
Page Numbers
100-141 in Volume 132 of Work W22704
Location
vol.132,ff.48v-69r (pp.96-137)
Colophon
theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos/ mgon po byams pas mdzad pa rdzogs so/ /dpal grong khyer dpe med kyi mkhas pa chen po/ bram ze rin chen rdo rje'i dpon po paN+Di ta mkhas pa chen po sa dza na dang / lo tsA ba shAkya'i dge slong blo ldan shes rab kyis/ grong khyer dpe med de nyid du bsgyur pa'o//
gSer bris Catalog Num.
3528
Otani, Beijing Catalog Num.
5525
Citation
"theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos/." In bstan 'gyur (snar thang). TBRC W22704. 132: 100 - 141. [narthang]: [s.n.], [1800?]. http://tbrc.org/link?RID=O2DB75712%7CO2DB757122DB79425$W22704
BDRC.png BDRC Chone Version
Bibliographical Title
theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos/
Other Title
mahayanottaratantrasastra
Page Numbers
109-143 in Volume 123 of Work W1GS66030
Location
ff. 51r-68r
Authorship
byams pa (author); sajjana (translator); blo ldan shes rab
Tohoku Catalog Num.
4024
Citation
grags pa bshad sgrub . "theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos/." In bstan 'gyur (co ne). TBRC W1GS66030. 123: 109 - 143. [co ne dgon chen]: [co ne], [1926]. http://tbrc.org/link?RID=O2DB20796%7CO2DB207962DB24440$W1GS66030
BDRC.png BDRC Pe Durma Version
Bibliographical Title
theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos/
Other Title
mahayanottaratantrasastra
Page Numbers
958-1009 in Volume 70 of Work W1PD95844
Location
pp. 935-986
Authorship
byams pa (author); sajjana (translator); blo ldan shes rab
Tohoku Catalog Num.
4024
BDRC.png BDRC Ser Drima Version
Bibliographical Title
theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos
Title Page Title
mahayana uttara tantara sastra
Page Numbers
129-180 in Volume 132
Location
vol.132,ff.64r-89v(pp.127-178)
Colophon
theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos/ mgon po byams pas mdzad pa rdzogs so/ /dpal grong khyer dpe med kyi mkhas pa chen po/ bram ze rin chen rdo rje'i dpon po paN+Di ta mkhas pa chen po sa dza na dang / lo tsA ba shAkya'i dge slong blo ldan shes rab kyis/ grong khyer dpe med de nyid du bsgyur pa'o
gSer bris Catalog Num.
3528
Otani, Beijing Catalog Num.
5525
Citation
"theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos." In bstan 'gyur/?gser bris ma/?. TBRC W23702. 132: 129 - 180. tibet: [snar thang], [17-?]. http://tbrc.org/link?RID=O00CR0008%7CO00CR000800CR034422$W23702

When The Clouds Part by Karl Brunnhölzl[edit]

  About the Book
  Interview with Karl Brunnhölzl
  An outline of Jamgon Kongtrul the Great's commentary on the Gyü Lama

When the Clouds Part-front.jpg Shedding light on the meditative tradition of the five texts of Maitreya with meditation manuals and commentaries from the Kagyu and Kadampa traditions: When The Clouds Part, The Uttaratantra and Its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sutra and Tantra.

When the Clouds Part on the Tsadra Library

Buy When the Clouds Part from Shambhala Publications

UttaratantraShastra English Outline Poster.pdf

Further Studies[edit]

Videos[edit]

  Mingyur Rinpoche on Buddha Nature
  Ringu Tulku on Buddha Nature
  Ken Holmes on Buddha Nature
  Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche on the Uttaratantra at Rangjung Yeshe Gomde California, 2014
  Tai Situpa on the 3 Most Important Sentences Of All Living Beings

Notes[edit]

  1. Kano, Kazuo, rṄog Blo ldan śes rab's position on the Buddha-nature doctrine and its influence on the early gSaṅ phu tradition. Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 32, no. 1-2 (2009) 2010: 249-283.
  2. Mathes, A Direct Path to the Buddha Within, 2
  3. Ibid.
  4. Kano, RNgog Blo‐ldan‐shes‐rabʹs Summary of the Ratnagotravibhāga: The First Tibetan Commentary on a Crucial Source for the Buddha‐nature Doctrine, 17
  5. critically edited by Johnston in Prasad, H. S., ed. The Uttaratantra of Maitreya. Containing E.H. Johnson's Sanskrit text and E. Obermiller's English translation. Bibliotheca Indo-Buddhica, 79. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 1991.
  6. Kano, RNgog Blo‐ldan‐shes‐rabʹs Summary of the Ratnagotravibhāga, 17
  7. For a detailed discussion regarding the authorship of the verses and prose, see Kano, RNgog Blo‐ldan‐shes‐rabʹs Summary of the Ratnagotravibhāga; Takasaki, A study on the Ratnagotravibhāga (Uttaratantra), being a treatise on the Tathāgatagarbha theory of Mahayana Buddhism
  8. Kano, RNgog Blo‐ldan‐shes‐rabʹs Summary of the Ratnagotravibhāga, 89
  9. Ibid. 90
    (a) Atiśa (982–1054) and Nag-tsho Tshul-khrims-rgyal-ba (1011–1064)
    (b) rNgog Blo-ldan-shes-rab (1059–1109) and Sajjana (late 11th cent.)
    (c) sPa-tshab Nyi-ma-grags (b.1055)
    (d) Mar-pa Do-pa Chos-kyi-dbang-phyug (1042–1136)
    (e) Jo-nang Lo-tsā-ba Blo-gros-dpal (1299–1353 or 1300–1355)
    (f) Yar-klungs Lo-tsā-ba Grags-pa-rgyal-mtshan (1242–1346)
  10. Translated in Kazuo's Ph.D. dissertation, "rNgog Blo‐ldan‐shes‐rabʹs Summary of the Ratnagotravibhāga: The First Tibetan Commentary on a Crucial Source for the Buddha‐nature Doctrine
  11. Mathes, A Direct Path to the Buddha Within, 3
  12. Burchardi, A Provisional List of Tibetan Commentaries on the Ratnagotravibhāga; Kano, RNgog Blo‐ldan‐shes‐rabʹs Summary of the Ratnagotravibhāga (See Appendix G)
  13. Mathes, A Direct Path to the Buddha Within, 3
  14. Ibid., 1
  15. Catalogue information from Phil Stanley and http://web.otani.ac.jp/cri/twrp/tibdate/Peking_online_search.html
  16. Golden Manuscript - Tengyur
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