Mahāmudrā and the Middle Way

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* {{i|'''Karma phrin las pa'''|86}}
 
* {{i|'''Karma phrin las pa'''|86}}
 
* {{i|Perspectives on Rang stong and Gzhan stong|87}}
 
* {{i|Perspectives on Rang stong and Gzhan stong|87}}
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** {{i|1a. English Translation of ''Dri lan yid kyi mun sel|88}}
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** {{i|1a. English Translation of ''Dri lan yid kyi mun sel''|88}}
 
** {{i|1b. Critical Edition of ''Dri lan yid kyi mun sel''|91}}
 
** {{i|1b. Critical Edition of ''Dri lan yid kyi mun sel''|91}}
 
* {{i|''A Mystical Song of the View Proclaiming the Mode of Being''|94}}
 
* {{i|''A Mystical Song of the View Proclaiming the Mode of Being''|94}}
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** {{i|2a. English Translation of the ''Yin lugs sgrog pa Ita ba'i mgur''|95}}
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** {{i|2a. English Translation of the ''Yin lugs sgrog pa lta ba'i mgur''|95}}
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** {{i|2b. Critical Edition of the ''Yin lugs sgrog pa Ita ba'i mgur''|98}}
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** {{i|2b. Critical Edition of the ''Yin lugs sgrog pa lta ba'i mgur''|98}}
 
* {{i|A ''Vajra'' Song|100}}
 
* {{i|A ''Vajra'' Song|100}}
 
** {{i|3a. English Translation of the ''Rdo rje mgur''|100}}
 
** {{i|3a. English Translation of the ''Rdo rje mgur''|100}}
 
** {{i|3b. Critical Edition of the ''Rdo rje mgur''|102}}
 
** {{i|3b. Critical Edition of the ''Rdo rje mgur''|102}}
  
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* {{i|''Karma pa Mi bskyod rdo rje''|104}}
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* {{i|'''Karma pa Mi bskyod rdo rje'''|104}}
 
* {{i|Critique of '''Gos Lo tsd ba' ''s Separation of Buddhahood and Buddha Nature|105}}
 
* {{i|Critique of '''Gos Lo tsd ba' ''s Separation of Buddhahood and Buddha Nature|105}}
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** {{i|1a. English Translation of Rgan po’i rlung sman (excerpt)|105}}
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** {{i|1a. English Translation of ''Rgan po'i rlung sman'' (excerpt)|105}}
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** {{i|1b. Critical Edition of Rgan po’i rlung sman (excerpt)|109}}
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** {{i|1b. Critical Edition of ''Rgan po'i rlung sman'' (excerpt)|109}}
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* {{i|Some Criticisms of Shākya mchog ldan’s Buddha Nature Epistemology|111}}
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* {{i|Some Criticisms of Shākya mchog ldan's Buddha Nature Epistemology|111}}
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** {{i|2a. English Translation of Rgan po ’i rlung sman (excerpt)|112}}
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** {{i|2a. English Translation of ''Rgan po'i rlung sman'' (excerpt)|112}}
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** {{i|2b. Critical Edition of Rgan po’i rlung sman (excerpt)|115}}
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** {{i|2b. Critical Edition of ''Rgan po'i rlung sman'' (excerpt)|115}}
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* {{i|Two Minds in One Person? A Reply to the Queries of Bla ma khams pa|117}}
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* {{i|''Two Minds in One Person? A Reply to the Queries of Bla ma khams pa''|117}}
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** {{i|3a. English Translation of Bla ma khams pa ’i dris lan mi gcig sems gnyis|118}}
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** {{i|3a. English Translation of ''Bla ma khams pa'i dris lan mi gcig sems gnyis''|118}}
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** {{i|3b. Critical Edition of Bla ma khams pa’i dris lan mi gcig sems gnyis|120}}
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** {{i|3b. Critical Edition of ''Bla ma khams pa'i dris lan mi gcig sems gnyis''|120}}
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* {{i|A Trove Containing Myriad Treasures of Profound Mahāmudrā|122}}
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* {{i|''A Trove Containing Myriad Treasures of Profound Mahāmudrā''|122}}
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** {{i|4a. English Translation of Zab mo phyag chen gyi mdzod sna tshogs ’dus<br>pa’i gter|123}}
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** {{i|4a. English Translation of ''Zab mo phyag chen gyi mdzod sna tshogs 'dus<br>pa'i gter''|123}}
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** {{i|4b. Critical Edition of Zab mo phyag chen gyi mdzod sna tshogs ’dus pa’i<br>gter|134}}
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** {{i|4b. Critical Edition of ''Zab mo phyag chen gyi mdzod sna tshogs 'dus pa'i<br>gter''|134}}
 
* {{i|Mental Nonengagement as Unconditioned Mental Engagement|143}}
 
* {{i|Mental Nonengagement as Unconditioned Mental Engagement|143}}
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** {{i|5a. English Translation of Sku gsum ngo sprod rnam bshad (excerpt)|144}}
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** {{i|5a. English Translation of ''Sku gsum ngo sprod rnam bshad'' (excerpt)|144}}
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** {{i|5b. Critical Edition of Sku gsum ngo sprod rnam bshad (excerpt)|147}}
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** {{i|5b. Critical Edition of ''Sku gsum ngo sprod rnam bshad'' (excerpt)|147}}
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* {{i|Amanasikāra, Emptiness, and the Tradition of Heshang Moheyan|150}}
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* {{i|''Amanasikāra'', Emptiness, and the Tradition of Heshang Moheyan|150}}
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** {{i|6a. English Translation of Dgongs gcig ’grel pa VI (excerpt)|151}}
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** {{i|6a. English Translation of ''Dgongs gcig 'grel pa'' VI (excerpt)|151}}
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** {{i|6b. Critical Edition of Dgongs gcig ’grel pa VI (excerpt)|153}}
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** {{i|6b. Critical Edition of ''Dgongs gcig 'grel pa'' VI (excerpt)|153}}
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* {{i|Padma dkar po|156}}
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* {{i|Distinguishing Gnas lugs phyag chen and ’Khrul lugs phyag chen|157}}
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* {{i|'''Padma dkar po'''|156}}
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** {{i|1a. English Translation of Phyag chen rgyal ba’i gan mdzod (excerpt)|157}}
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* {{i|Distinguishing ''Gnas lugs phyag chen'' and '' 'Khrul lugs phyag chen''|157}}
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** {{i|1b. Critical Edition of Phyag chen rgyal ba’i gan mdzod (excerpt)|168}}
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** {{i|1a. English Translation of ''Phyag chen rgyal ba'i gan mdzod'' (excerpt)|157}}
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* {{i|Three Grammatical Interpretations of Amanasikāra|175}}
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** {{i|1b. Critical Edition of ''Phyag chen rgyal ba'i gan mdzod'' (excerpt)|168}}
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** {{i|2b. Critical Edition of Phyag chen rgyal ba’i gan mdzod (excerpt)|176}}
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* {{i|Three Grammatical Interpretations of ''Amanasikāra''|175}}
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* {{i|Refuting Sa pan’s Equation of Mahāmudrā with Heshang’s Chan Meditation|179}}
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** {{i|2b. Critical Edition of ''Phyag chen rgyal ba'i gan mdzod'' (excerpt)|176}}
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** {{i|3a. English Translation of Klan ka gzhom pa’i gtam (excerpt)|180}}
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* {{i|Refuting Sa paṇ's Equation of Mahāmudrā with Heshang's Chan Meditation|179}}
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** {{i|3b. Critical Edition of Klan ka gzhom pa ’i gtam (excerpt)|188}}
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** {{i|3a. English Translation of ''Klan ka gzhom pa'i gtam'' (excerpt)|180}}
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* {{i|Response to Nam mkha’ rgyal mtshan’s critique of Padma dkar po’s<br>Amanasikāra|194}}
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** {{i|3b. Critical Edition of ''Klan ka gzhom pa'i gtam'' (excerpt)|188}}
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** {{i|4a. English Translation of Shar rtse zhal snga’i brgal lan (excerpt)|195}}
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* {{i|Response to Nam mkha' rgyal mtshan's critique of Padma dkar po's<br>''Amanasikāra''|194}}
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** {{i|4b. Critical Edition of Shar rtse zhal snga’i brgal lan (excerpt)|197}}
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** {{i|4a. English Translation of ''Shar rtse zhal snga'i brgal lan'' (excerpt)|195}}
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* {{i|Amanasikāra in the Context of Nonreferential Meditation|199}}
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** {{i|4b. Critical Edition of ''Shar rtse zhal snga'i brgal lan'' (excerpt)|197}}
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** {{i|5a. English Translation of Snying po don gyi man ngag (excerpt)|199}}
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* {{i|''Amanasikāra'' in the Context of Nonreferential Meditation|199}}
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** {{i|5b. Critical Edition of Snying po don gyi man ngag (excerpt)|201}}
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** {{i|5a. English Translation of ''Snying po don gyi man ngag'' (excerpt)|199}}
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** {{i|5b. Critical Edition of ''Snying po don gyi man ngag'' (excerpt)|201}}
 
* {{i|Bibliography|202}}
 
* {{i|Bibliography|202}}
 
* {{i|Abbreviations of Canonical Collections, Journals, and Online Sources|202}}
 
* {{i|Abbreviations of Canonical Collections, Journals, and Online Sources|202}}

Latest revision as of 19:09, 6 October 2020

Mahāmudrā and the Middle Way
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This two-volume publication explores the complex philosophy of Mahāmudrā that developed in Tibetan Dwags po Bka’ brgyud traditions between the 15th and 16th centuries CE. It examines the attempts to articulate and defend Bka’ brgyud views and practices by four leading post-classical thinkers: (1) Shākya mchog ldan (1423‒1507), a celebrated yet controversial Sa skya scholar who developed a strong affiliation with the Karma Bka’ brgyud Mahāmudrā tradition in the last half of his life, (2) Karma phrin las Phyogs las rnam rgyal (1456‒1539), a renowned Karma Bka’ brgyud scholar-yogin and tutor to the Eighth Karma pa, (3) the Eighth Karma pa himself, Mi bskyod rdo rje (1507‒1554), who was among the most erudite and influential scholar-hierarchs of his generation, (4) and Padma dkar po (1527‒1592), Fourth ’Brug chen of the ’Brug pa Bka’ brgyud lineage who is generally acknowledged as its greatest scholar and systematizer. It is an important academic work published in the Vienna series WSTB and is divided into two volumes: the first offers a detailed philosophical analysis of the authors’ principal views and justifications of Mahāmudrā against the background of Indian and Tibetan Buddhist doctrines on mind, emptiness and buddha nature; the second comprises an annotated anthology of their seminal writings on Mahāmudrā accompanied by critical editions and introductions. These two volumes are the result of research that was generously funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) from 2012 to 2015 under the supervision of Prof. Klaus-Dieter Mathes. The project was entitled “‘Emptiness of Other’ (Gzhan stong) in the Tibetan ‘Great Seal’ (Mahāmudrā) Traditions of the 15th and 16th Centuries” (FWF Project number P23826-G15). (Source: WSTB Description)

Citation Higgins, David, and Martina Draszczyk. Mahāmudrā and the Middle Way: Post-Classical Kagyü Discourses on Mind, Emptiness and Buddha-Nature. Vol. II, Translations, Critical Texts, Bibliography and Index. Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde 90.2. Vienna: Arbeitskreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien Universität Wien, 2016.

Mahāmudrā - Mahāmudrā refers to an advanced meditation tradition in Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna forms of Into-Tibetan Buddhism that is focused on the realization of the empty and luminous nature of the mind. It also refers to the resultant state of buddhahood attained through such meditation practice. In Tibet, this tradition is particularly associated with the Kagyu school, although all other schools also profess this tradition. The term also appears as part of the four seals, alongside dharmamūdra, samayamudrā, and karmamudrā. Skt. महामुद्रा Tib. ཕྱག་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོ།

gzhan stong - The state of being devoid of that which is wholly different rather than being void of its own nature. The term is generally used to refer to the ultimate, or buddha-nature, being empty of other phenomena such as adventitious defiling emotions but not empty of its true nature. Tib. གཞན་སྟོང་

Madhyamaka - Along with Yogācāra, it is one of the two major philosophical schools of Mahāyāna Buddhism. Founded by Nāgārjuna around the second century CE, it is rooted in the Prajñāpāramitā Sūtras, though its initial exposition was presented in Nāgārjuna's Mūlamadhyamakakārikā. Skt. मध्यमक Tib. དབུ་མ་ Ch. 中觀見

Kagyu - The Kagyu school traces its origin to the eleventh-century translator Marpa, who studied in India with Nāropa. Marpa's student Milarepa trained Gampopa, who founded the first monastery of the Kagyu order. As many as twelve subtraditions grew out from there, the best known being the Karma Kagyu, the Drikung, and the Drukpa. Tib. བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་

Kagyu - The Kagyu school traces its origin to the eleventh-century translator Marpa, who studied in India with Nāropa. Marpa's student Milarepa trained Gampopa, who founded the first monastery of the Kagyu order. As many as twelve subtraditions grew out from there, the best known being the Karma Kagyu, the Drikung, and the Drukpa. Tib. བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་

Sakya - The Sakya tradition developed in the eleventh century in the Khön family of Tsang, which maintained an imperial-era lineage of Vajrakīla and which adopted a new teaching from India known as Lamdre. Tib. ས་སྐྱ་

Geluk - The Geluk tradition traces its origin to Tsongkhapa, who propagated a modified version of the Kadampa lojong and lamrim teachings. It is the dominant tradition of Tibet, having established its control of the government under the figure of the Dalai Lama. Tib. དགེ་ལུགས་

Jonang - The Jonang tradition was established by Dölpopa Sherab Gyaltsen, a thirteenth-century Sakya monk famous for his Zhentong teachings. The Jonang teachings and monasteries were suppressed in Tibet in the seventeenth century but survived in Amdo. Tib. ཇོ་ནང་

gzhan stong - The state of being devoid of that which is wholly different rather than being void of its own nature. The term is generally used to refer to the ultimate, or buddha-nature, being empty of other phenomena such as adventitious defiling emotions but not empty of its true nature. Tib. གཞན་སྟོང་

prabhāsvaratā - In a general sense, that which clears away darkness, though it often appears in Buddhist literature in reference to the mind or its nature. It is a particularly salient feature of Tantric literature, especially in regard to the advanced meditation techniques of the completion-stage yogas. Skt. प्रभास्वर Tib. འོད་གསལ་ Ch. 光明

Madhyamaka - Along with Yogācāra, it is one of the two major philosophical schools of Mahāyāna Buddhism. Founded by Nāgārjuna around the second century CE, it is rooted in the Prajñāpāramitā Sūtras, though its initial exposition was presented in Nāgārjuna's Mūlamadhyamakakārikā. Skt. मध्यमक Tib. དབུ་མ་ Ch. 中觀見

rang stong - The state of being empty of self, which references the lack of inherent existence in relative phenomena. Tib. རང་སྟོང་

svasaṃvedana - An important term for the Yogācāra that refers to a consciousness of consciousness itself, or how one knows that they know something. It was a hotly debated topic that was disputed by followers of the Madhyamaka. In Tibet it would later become a common Dzogchen term, though with the entirely different meaning of one's own innate awareness (rig pa), a crucial concept in the Dzogchen teachings. Skt. स्वसंवेदन Tib. རང་རིག་ Ch. 自證分

Uttaratantra - The Ultimate Continuum, or Gyü Lama, is often used as a short title in the Tibetan tradition for the key source text of buddha-nature teachings called the Ratnagotravibhāga of Maitreya/Asaṅga, also known as the Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra. Skt. उत्तरतन्त्र Tib. རྒྱུད་བླ་མ་ Ch. 寶性論

These are the root verses of the Uttaratantra attributed to Maitreya by the Tibetan tradition.

tridharmacakrapravartana - Three successive stages of the Buddhist teachings. Though they are traditionally attributed to the historical Buddha, modern scholarship tends to view them as developmental stages that occurred over the course of an extended period of time, with interludes of several centuries, in which we see major doctrinal shifts often based on seemingly newly emergent scriptural sources. Skt. त्रिधर्मचक्रप्रवर्तन Tib. ཆོས་འཁོར་རིམ་པ་གསུམ་

pariniṣpannasvabhāva - The third of the three natures, according to the Yogācāra school. It is the perfect nature that represents the most authentic understanding of phenomena, which is classically defined as the complete absence of the imaginary nature within the dependent nature. Skt. परिनिष्पन्नस्वभाव Tib. ཡོངས་སུ་གྲུབ་པའི་རང་བཞིན་

rang stong - The state of being empty of self, which references the lack of inherent existence in relative phenomena. Tib. རང་སྟོང་

nītārtha - Refers to a teaching that is literally true. Skt. नीतार्थ Tib. ངེས་དོན་

Mahāmudrā - Mahāmudrā refers to an advanced meditation tradition in Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna forms of Into-Tibetan Buddhism that is focused on the realization of the empty and luminous nature of the mind. It also refers to the resultant state of buddhahood attained through such meditation practice. In Tibet, this tradition is particularly associated with the Kagyu school, although all other schools also profess this tradition. The term also appears as part of the four seals, alongside dharmamūdra, samayamudrā, and karmamudrā. Skt. महामुद्रा Tib. ཕྱག་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོ།

advaya - Literally, "without duality," it refers to that which is indivisible, in that it is not divided into two. Skt. अद्वय Tib. གཉིས་མེད་ Ch. 不二

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