Latest revision as of 14:12, 8 October 2025

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Explore the subjects
Complete Site Guide

Subject

The Questions

Why is buddha-nature important? What would it mean to not have buddha-nature? Is buddha-nature the soul? These and other common questions about buddha-nature are outlined below, with links to readings, videos, and other material to help you explore further. New to Buddhist ideas? Click on Discover below.

Subject

The Ideas

Is buddha-nature already perfected and simply obscured by delusion, or is it a seed or potential that must be cultivated and perfected? Is buddha-nature a definitive or provisional teaching? Is it the mind's natural luminosity, or is it the same as emptiness? These are questions that cut to the heart of Mahāyāna Buddhist doctrine regarding the nature of enlightenment, reality, and the Path. This page introduces some of the key questions in buddha-nature theory, framed in terms of binaries.

Subject

The Topics

In the latter stages of its historical development in India, the idea of buddha-nature emerged as one of the most salient features of the Mahāyāna Buddhist tradition. As this form of Buddhism spread beyond the cultural milieu of ancient India, the importance of buddha-nature became evermore pronounced. In East Asian and Tibetan Buddhism, buddha-nature came to be a major keystone in the assimilation and adaptation of the Indian scriptural tradition. And, as these forms of Buddhism expanded upon that Indian heritage and developed their own literary expression of the Buddhist teachings, buddha-nature continued to be a major theme that was revisited again and again. Thus buddha-nature was weaved into the very fabric of these Buddhist traditions. Below you will find a list of pertinent topics related to buddha-nature, along with some of the major themes in which it played a crucial role.

Subject

The People

As one of the key doctrines of Mahāyāna Buddhism, buddha-nature has been taught by many of the greatest masters of India, China, Tibet, Japan, Mongolia, and Korea for well over a thousand years. Here you will find introductions to the many authors who have written on the topic, from the luminaries of Indian Madhyamaka to the great saints of Japan and Tibet. Also in this section, you will find pages for the many contemporary scholars and teachers who have written and spoken on buddha-nature. Simply filter the entire list using the search/filter bar below.

Subject

The History

The doctrine of buddha-nature became widespread in India in the first centuries of the Common Era. Although the ideas have roots that stretch back to the earliest teachings of the Buddha, the concept of tathāgatagarbha—"womb or seed of buddhahood"—was first taught in Mahāyāna communities. It was related to, but most likely distinct from both Madhyamaka and Yogācāra, the dominant schools of the Mahāyāna, emerging primarily from a corpus of scripture collectively known as Tathāgatagarbha sūtras and a commentary on them known as the Ratnagotravibhāga. As these scriptures circulated in India and were translated into Chinese and Tibetan, buddha-nature theory spread and was ultimately integrated—albeit with significant differences—into all philosophical schools and traditions of Mahāyāna Buddhism, from Japanese Zen to Tibetan Mahāmudrā.

Subject

The Themes

Here you will find some examples of major themes in which the influence of buddha-nature is readily apparent.

Featured Content

Events

This page of events related to the Buddha-Nature project includes recordings from scholarly meetings, special interviews and speeches, as well as online events hosted by Tsadra Foundation.

Topic of the week

Read regular posts from the writer-in-digital-residence, Lopen Dr. Karma Phuntsho.

Event

Celebrating Buddha-Nature

Live Event: Celebrating Buddha-Nature · Join us on Zoom or Facebook live as we celebrate Buddha-Nature teachings.

Buddha-Nature Conference, Shechen Monastery, Kathmandu, June 1–3, 2023

In connection with the Buddha-Nature resource project, Tsadra Foundation hosted a three-day conference from June 1–3, 2023 by inviting some 20 speakers of outstanding erudition representing the different Tibetan Buddhist traditions to discuss buddha-nature, related texts, theories, and practices. The conference was attended by over two hundred scholars from 32 monastic learning centers in and around Kathmandu, broadcast live and the proceedings were recorded. The conference proved to be a lively and stimulating debate from the very first presentation! Great minds lectured and debated on our true nature of compassion and wisdom, using airplanes, pet bottles, and bouquets as examples to argue or counterargue that all beings or all things have the luminous buddha-nature. The conversations were marked by penetrating intellectual acuity, a robust sense of humor sending forth frequent bursts of laughter, and a deep sense of mutual respect and humility, thus making a significant contribution to the understanding of buddha-nature.
See all presentations

Karma Phuntsho

Conference - Special Events

Karma Phuntsho

Lopon Karma Phuntso's Introduction of Kyoton's Life and Works

Khenpo Tenpa Tshering

Presentation

Khenpo Tenpa Tshering

Khenpo Tenpa Tshering at the 2023 Buddha-Nature Conference

Geshe Lobsang Gyatso

Presentation

Geshe Lobsang Gyatso

Geshe Lobsang Gyatso at the 2023 Buddha-Nature Conference

Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia: The 2019 Vienna Symposium

Vienna-Symposium-Banner-for-Workshops-Meetings-Tsadra-website.jpg

Increased attention to the tathāgatagarbha doctrine in the last decade has lead to significant publications and meetings on the topic of buddha-nature and related themes. Scholars in Asia, Europe, and the Americas have published new translations and studies of the foundational scriptures and commentaries, and are examining the history and literature of the doctrine. In July 2019 Tsadra Foundation partnered with the University of Vienna to bring many of these scholars together for an international symposium titled Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia. The presentations are available here and the edited papers will be published in a collection of essays from Wisdom Publications.
See all presentations

Klaus-Dieter Mathes

Presentation

Klaus-Dieter Mathes

Zhang ston Bsod nams grags pa’s Defense of Dol po pa’s Clear-Cut Distinction between Buddha Nature and the Ground Consciousness

Ngawang Jorden

Presentation

Khenpo Ngawang Jorden

Revisiting Gorampa on Buddha Nature

Jacqueline Stone

Presentation

Jacqueline Stone

From Buddha Nature to Original Enlightenment “Contemplating Suchness” in Medieval Japan

Old Topic, New Insights: Buddha-Nature at the Crossroads between Doctrine and Practice

Tsadra Foundation supported a panel at the 2022 IATS Conference in Prague. Watch the presentations here.

Panel Description: Continued scholarly publications, Buddhist teaching events, the recent development of online buddha-nature resources, and the associated Tathāgatagarbha symposium in Vienna in 2019 have spurred greater interest in the topic both within Tibetan Buddhist traditions and among other spiritual traditions. This panel brings together experts in an attempt to refine and deepen our understanding of buddha-nature both in terms of theoretical interpretations and practical applications in Tibetan Buddhist communities, past or present.

The main objective of the panel focuses on the interplay between points of doctrine and the practice of the path from the perspective of various Tibetan traditions and scholars. Contributions examine the interpretations of doctrines of tathāgatagarbha originally found in Indian scriptural sources. The methodological approach of these contributions range from historical-philological investigations to ethnographic research and comparative analysis.
See all presentations

Christopher Jones

Presentation

Christopher V. Jones

Christopher Jones: Defining a "Buddha-Nature Discourse": The Case of the Mahāmeghasūtra (Sprin chen po'i mdo)

Casey Forgues

Presentation

Casey Forgues Kemp

Casey Kemp: Buddha-Nature as a Path of Means: The Influence of Buddha-Nature Theory on Eleventh-Century Tibetan Tantric Instructions

Yaroslav Komarovski

Presentation

Yaroslav Komarovski

Yaroslav Komarovski: Shakya Chokden on Tathāgatagarbha in the Tantric Practice of the Two Stages

Interview with Karl Brunnhölzl on Buddha-Nature

In this wide-ranging video interview, Karl Brunnhölzl discusses buddha-nature and the key topics related to it. He begins by defining buddha-nature and then moves on to discuss such topics as the debate that the doctrine has generated, the concepts of emptiness and luminosity, and how buddha-nature relates to Vajrayana practice.

What Is Buddha-Nature?

Clip 1 of 13

0:46 min

Emptiness or Luminosity: What's the Deal?

Clip 9 of 13

2:09 min

Karl Brunnhölzl

When the Clouds Part

Book

The Center of the Sunlit Sky

Book

Luminous Heart

Book

New Writer-In-Digital-Residence: Karma Phuntsho, 2020-2022

The writer-in-digital-residence is the recipient of a grant designed to support Tsadra Foundation’s Buddhist literacy projects that connect the larger public with academic research and advance understanding of specific aspects of Tibetan Buddhist traditions. Writers help to curate this online resource and write essays on the history, philosophy, and practices associated with buddha-nature teachings and tathāgatagarbha theory in Tibet. These essays are addressed to an audience of educated readers of Buddhist materials and Buddhist practitioners.

Lopen (Dr) Karma Phuntsho is one of Bhutan’s leading intellectuals. He has finished monastic training in Bhutan and India before he pursued a M.St in Classical Indian Religions, and D.Phil in Oriental Studies at Balliol College, Oxford. He was a researcher at CNRS, Paris, a Research Associate at Department of Social Anthropology and the Spalding Fellow for Comparative Religion at Clare Hall, Cambridge University, and Research Consultant at University of Virginia. An author of over hundred books and articles including the authoritative History of Bhutan and Mipham’s Dialectics and the Debates on Emptiness, he speaks and writes extensively on Bhutan and Buddhism. Read a complete bio.

Conversations on Buddha-Nature

Chatting with teachers, leaders, and influencers in the Dharma World

Tsadra Foundation is excited to support Karma Phuntsho in developing a series of online events called "Conversations on Buddha-Nature". This podcast-like project will be space for stimulating and inspiring conversations on Buddha-Nature and related subjects. As a part of the Buddha-Nature Project of the Tsadra Foundation, Karma Phuntsho will host conversations with a Buddhist leader, influencer or expert each month on the theories and practices of Buddha-Nature, which will be live on Facebook. An exercise of mindful listening, right speech, and wholesome exploration of meaning and nature of life, these conversations aim to enhance the understanding and awareness of Buddha-Nature and promote the ethos of innate goodness and positive perception.

Speakers

Karma Phuntsho

Robert Thurman

Matthieu Ricard

From the experts

Klaus-Dieter Mathes

A Direct Path to the Buddha Within

Book

Mi bskyod rdo rje on Buddha Nature and its Adventitious Stains

Article

Buddha-Nature in Comparative Perspective

In this interview Professor Klaus-Dieter Mathes discusses buddha-nature and the key ideas behind it, the controversies it generates, and some of the related Buddhist philosophy in comparative perspective.

Interview with Wulstan Fletcher on Buddha-Nature

In this video interview Wulstan Fletcher discusses Mipham's and Longchenpa's approach to buddha-nature as well as his personal experiences with buddha-nature teachings and how they have influenced his practice.

On Mipham and the Nyingma Approach to Buddha-Nature

Clip 1 of 4

19:04 min

On His Personal Encounter with Buddha-Nature Teachings

Clip 3 of 4

7:39 min

Wulstan Fletcher

Finding Rest in the Nature of the Mind

Book

Treasury of Precious Qualities: Book Two

Book

Elizabeth Callahan

Frameworks of Buddhist Philosophy

Book

Moonbeams of Mahāmudrā

Book

Interview with Elizabeth Callahan on Buddha-Nature

In this video interview Elizabeth Callahan discusses the key terminology that is used when speaking of buddha-nature. She explains the term ordinary mind and elaborates on the meaning of buddha-nature.

On the Term Ordinary Mind

Clip 1 of 3

2:16 min

What Is Buddha-Nature?

Clip 3 of 3

3:00 min

First Writer-In-Digital-Residence: Alex Gardner On the Ratnagotravibhāga

Alexander Gardner is Director and Chief Editor of the Treasury of Lives, an open-access biographical encyclopedia of Tibet, Inner Asia, and the Himalayan region. He completed his PhD in Buddhist Studies at the University of Michigan in 2007 and is the author of The Life of Jamgon Kongtrul the Great, published by Shambhala in 2019. Alex served as the Writer-in-Digital-Residence for Tsadra Foundation's Buddha-Nature Project from 2017-2019. Read his key contributions here!

Alex Gardner

On the Ratnagotravibhāga

Article

A History of Buddha-Nature Theory: The Literature and Traditions

Article

Other Interviews

Ringu Tulku

Interview

Ringu Tulku

Ringu Tulku Interview on Buddha-Nature

Tokpa Tulku

Interview

Tokpa Tulku

Tokpa Tulku Interview on Buddha-Nature

Publications

Brunnhölzl

When the Clouds Part

Higgins & Draszczyk

Buddha Nature Reconsidered

Jorgensen & Lusthaus, et al.

Treatise on Awakening Mahāyāna Faith

Sheehy & Mathes

The Other Emptiness

Study the sources

The seeds of buddha-nature teachings are sprinkled throughout the sutras and tantras of the Buddhist canon. A core group of scripture that initially taught buddha-nature known as the tathāgatagarbha sūtras date between the second and fourth centuries. These include the Tathāgatagarbhasūtra, the Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra, the Śrīmālādevīsūtra and several others. The famous Laṅkāvatārasūtra was also important for buddha-nature theory. In Tibetan Buddhism the late-Indian treatise Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra, or "Gyu Lama" as it is known in the Tibetan, serves as a major source for buddha-nature. In East Asia the Awakening of Faith in the Mahāyāna (大乗起信論) was the most influential treatise in spreading buddha-nature theory.

The Ratnagotravibhāga

Source Text

Verse I.28

Point of Interest

Explore the root verses

I.28

French

Verse page

The Root Verses

Study the Uttaratantra's root verses in multiple languages.
Click to view all verses

Traditional expositions

The Fourteenth Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso

Teaching

The Fourteenth Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso

Discourse on the Uttaratantra by The 14th Dalai Lama in Holland

Ringu Tulku

Teaching

Ringu Tulku

Buddha Nature: A Talk by Ringu Tulku Rinpoche

Kirti Tsenshab

Teaching

Kirti Tsenshab Rinpoche

Buddha Potential 1: Uttaratantra by Kirti Tsenshab Rinpoche at Land of Medicine Buddha, 2003

Khenpo Sodargye

Teaching

Khenpo Sodargye

Mahayana Uttaratantra Shastra: Taught by Khenpo Sodargye, May 2019

Teaching

Engle, A.

Teachings on the Uttaratantra by Gyumed Khensur Rinpoche

Orgyen P'huntsok

Teaching

Tulku Orgyen Phuntsok

Tulku Orgyen Phuntsok Buddha Nature Class: Teachings on the Uttaratantra

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 		<div class="large position-relative my-4 my-lg-5 font-italic">Explore</div>
 	</h1>
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-				<div class="text-80 text-muted position-absolute" style="bottom: 7px; right: 10px;">[[Site Guide|Complete Site Guide]]</div>
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+				|content=Why is buddha-nature important? What would it mean to not have buddha-nature? Is buddha-nature the soul? These and other common questions about buddha-nature are outlined below, with links to readings, videos, and other material to help you explore further. New to Buddhist ideas? Click on Discover below.
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+				|content=Is buddha-nature already perfected and simply obscured by delusion, or is it a seed or potential that must be cultivated and perfected? Is buddha-nature a definitive or provisional teaching? Is it the mind's natural luminosity, or is it the same as emptiness? These are questions that cut to the heart of Mahāyāna Buddhist doctrine regarding the nature of enlightenment, reality, and the Path. This page introduces some of the key questions in buddha-nature theory, framed in terms of binaries.
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+				|content=In the latter stages of its historical development in India, the idea of buddha-nature emerged as one of the most salient features of the Mahāyāna Buddhist tradition. As this form of Buddhism spread beyond the cultural milieu of ancient India, the importance of buddha-nature became evermore pronounced. In East Asian and Tibetan Buddhism, buddha-nature came to be a major keystone in the assimilation and adaptation of the Indian scriptural tradition. And, as these forms of Buddhism expanded upon that Indian heritage and developed their own literary expression of the Buddhist teachings, buddha-nature continued to be a major theme that was revisited again and again. Thus buddha-nature was weaved into the very fabric of these Buddhist traditions. Below you will find a list of pertinent topics related to buddha-nature, along with some of the major themes in which it played a crucial role.
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+				|content=As one of the key doctrines of Mahāyāna Buddhism, buddha-nature has been taught by many of the greatest masters of India, China, Tibet, Japan, Mongolia, and Korea for well over a thousand years. Here you will find introductions to the many authors who have written on the topic, from the luminaries of Indian Madhyamaka to the great saints of Japan and Tibet. Also in this section, you will find pages for the many contemporary scholars and teachers who have written and spoken on buddha-nature. Simply filter the entire list using the search/filter bar below.
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+				|content=The doctrine of buddha-nature became widespread in India in the first centuries of the Common Era. Although the ideas have roots that stretch back to the earliest teachings of the Buddha, the concept of tathāgatagarbha—"womb or seed of buddhahood"—was first taught in Mahāyāna communities. It was related to, but most likely distinct from both Madhyamaka and Yogācāra, the dominant schools of the Mahāyāna, emerging primarily from a corpus of scripture collectively known as Tathāgatagarbha sūtras and a commentary on them known as the Ratnagotravibhāga. As these scriptures circulated in India and were translated into Chinese and Tibetan, buddha-nature theory spread and was ultimately integrated—albeit with significant differences—into all philosophical schools and traditions of Mahāyāna Buddhism, from Japanese Zen to Tibetan Mahāmudrā.
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+				|content=Here you will find some examples of major themes in which the influence of buddha-nature is readily apparent.
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+			|page=2023_Buddha-Nature_Conference_Kathmandu
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+			        |sort=VideoNumberInEvent
-					|classes=col-sm-6 col-lg-4
+			        |order=asc
-					|link=Topics
+			        |format=template
-					|header=The Topics
+			        |template=SessionTile
-					|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images/thumb/c/c1/Christine-wehrmeier-DnVNH2_GY5g-unsplash.jpg/400px-Christine-wehrmeier-DnVNH2_GY5g-unsplash.jpg
+			        |userparam=col-md-6 col-lg-4 text-75
-					|content=In the latter stages of its historical development in India, the idea of buddha-nature emerged as one of the most salient features of the Mahāyāna Buddhist tradition. As this form of Buddhism spread beyond the cultural milieu of ancient India, the importance of buddha-nature became evermore pronounced. In East Asian and Tibetan Buddhism, buddha-nature came to be a major keystone in the assimilation and adaptation of the Indian scriptural tradition. And, as these forms of Buddhism expanded upon that Indian heritage and developed their own literary expression of the Buddhist teachings, buddha-nature continued to be a major theme that was revisited again and again. Thus buddha-nature was weaved into the very fabric of these Buddhist traditions. Below you will find a list of pertinent topics related to buddha-nature, along with some of the major themes in which it played a crucial role.
+			        |link=none
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+			        |limit=150
-				}}
-				{{LocalTile
-					|classes=col-sm-6 col-lg-4
-					|link=People
-					|header=The People
-					|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images/thumb/a/a3/Asanga_and_Maitreya.jpg/419px-Asanga_and_Maitreya.jpg
-					|content=As one of the key doctrines of Mahāyāna Buddhism, buddha-nature has been taught by many of the greatest masters of India, China, Tibet, Japan, Mongolia, and Korea for well over a thousand years. Here you will find introductions to the many authors who have written on the topic, from the luminaries of Indian Madhyamaka to the great saints of Japan and Tibet. Also in this section, you will find pages for the many contemporary scholars and teachers who have written and spoken on buddha-nature. Simply filter the entire list using the search/filter bar below.
-					|watermark=Subject
-				}}
-				{{LocalTile
-					|classes=col-sm-6 col-lg-4
-					|link=History
-					|header=The History
-					|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images/thumb/a/a3/Ascetic_Sumedha_and_Dipankara_Buddha.jpg/320px-Ascetic_Sumedha_and_Dipankara_Buddha.jpg
-					|content=The doctrine of buddha-nature became widespread in India in the first centuries of the Common Era. Although the ideas have roots that stretch back to the earliest teachings of the Buddha, the concept of tathāgatagarbha—"womb or seed of buddhahood"—was first taught in Mahāyāna communities. It was related to, but most likely distinct from both Madhyamaka and Yogācāra, the dominant schools of the Mahāyāna, emerging primarily from a corpus of scripture collectively known as Tathāgatagarbha sūtras and a commentary on them known as the Ratnagotravibhāga. As these scriptures circulated in India and were translated into Chinese and Tibetan, buddha-nature theory spread and was ultimately integrated—albeit with significant differences—into all philosophical schools and traditions of Mahāyāna Buddhism, from Japanese Zen to Tibetan Mahāmudrā.
-					|watermark=Subject
-				}}
-				{{LocalTile
-					|classes=col-sm-6 col-lg-4
-					|link=Themes
-					|header=The Themes
-					|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/thumb.php?f=Jason-leung-D4YrzSwyIEc-unsplash.jpg&width=400
-					|content=Here you will find some examples of major themes in which the influence of buddha-nature is readily apparent.
-					|watermark=Subject
 				}}
 			</div>
-		</div>
+		}}
-		<div class="vienna-gradient pt-5 pb-4">
+		{{FeaturedItem
-			<div class="section-header pl-4 pb-2 border-bottom-rightfade">Featured Content</div>
+			|page=Old Topic, New Insights: Buddha-Nature at the Crossroads between Doctrine and Practice
-			<div class="row m-0 px-lg-5 pt-4">
+			|title=Old Topic, New Insights: Buddha-Nature at the Crossroads between Doctrine and Practice
-				{{LocalTile
+			|description=[[Image:Prague IATS1-1.jpg|450px|class=h-auto p-0 col col-sm-6 col-lg-4 float-sm-right mt-2 mb-2 mb-sm-0 ml-sm-3 rounded|link=Old_Topic,_New_Insights:_Buddha-Nature_at_the_Crossroads_between_Doctrine_and_Practice|]]Tsadra Foundation supported a panel at the 2022 IATS Conference in Prague. [[Old_Topic,_New_Insights:_Buddha-Nature_at_the_Crossroads_between_Doctrine_and_Practice|Watch the presentations here]].<br><br>''Panel Description:'' Continued scholarly publications, Buddhist teaching events, the recent development of online buddha-nature resources, and the associated Tathāgatagarbha symposium in Vienna in 2019 have spurred greater interest in the topic both within Tibetan Buddhist traditions and among other spiritual traditions. This panel brings together experts in an attempt to refine and deepen our understanding of buddha-nature both in terms of theoretical interpretations and practical applications in Tibetan Buddhist communities, past or present.<br><br>The main objective of the panel focuses on the interplay between points of doctrine and the practice of the path from the perspective of various Tibetan traditions and scholars. Contributions examine the interpretations of doctrines of tathāgatagarbha originally found in Indian scriptural sources. The methodological approach of these contributions range from historical-philological investigations to ethnographic research and comparative analysis. <br> <span class="float-right">[[Old_Topic,_New_Insights:_Buddha-Nature_at_the_Crossroads_between_Doctrine_and_Practice|See all presentations <i class="fad fa-long-arrow-right rotate-45 fa-xs"></i>]]</span>
-					|classes=col-sm-6 col-lg-4
+			|textclasses=vienna-gradient px-2 px-lg-5 py-3 py-lg-4
-					|link=Events
+			|additionalcontent=<div class="tsdwiki-border-t-redfade py-4 d-flex justify-content-center flex-wrap row">
-					|header=Events
+				{{#ask: [[Media/Christopher_Jones:_Defining_a_"Buddha-Nature_Discourse":_The_Case_of_the_Mahāmeghasūtra_(Sprin_chen_po'i_mdo)]]OR[[Media/Yaroslav_Komarovski:_Shakya_Chokden_on_Tathāgatagarbha_in_the_Tantric_Practice_of_the_Two_Stages]]OR[[Casey_Kemp:_Buddha-Nature_as_a_Path_of_Means:_The_Influence_of_Buddha-Nature_Theory_on_Eleventh-Century_Tibetan_Tantric_Instructions]]
-					|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images/thumb/9/97/Vienna_2019_-_Day_2_-_July_17th_-_01.jpg/800px-Vienna_2019_-_Day_2_-_July_17th_-_01.jpg
+					|?Fulltitle
-					|content=This page of events related to the Buddha-Nature project includes recordings from scholarly meetings, special interviews and speeches, as well as online events hosted by Tsadra Foundation.
+					|?Performer
-				}}
+					|?VideoNumberInEvent
-				{{LocalTile
+					|?TileDescription
-					|classes=col-sm-6 col-lg-4
+					|?TilePhoto
-					|link=Topic_of_the_week
+					|?MediaContentType
-					|header=Topic of the week
+					|?citation
-					|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images/thumb/a/a2/Pecha-pixabay.jpg/800px-Pecha-pixabay.jpg
+					|?BuNayTopicTags
-					|content=Read regular posts from the writer-in-digital-residence, Lopen Dr. Karma Phuntsho.
+                    |?PerformerRaw
-				}}
+			        |sort=VideoNumberInEvent
-				{{LocalTile
+			        |order=asc
-					|classes=col-sm-6 col-lg-4
+			        |format=template
-					|link=Buddha-Nature_Event-19_September_2020
+			        |template=SessionTile
-					|header=Celebrating Buddha-Nature
+			        |userparam=col-md-6 col-lg-4 text-75
-					|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images/thumb/5/57/Buddha_Life_Deeds_-_Activity_-_Cropped.jpg/800px-Buddha_Life_Deeds_-_Activity_-_Cropped.jpg
+			        |link=none
-					|content=Live Event: Celebrating Buddha-Nature · Join us on Zoom or Facebook live as we celebrate Buddha-Nature teachings.
+			        |limit=150
-					|watermark=Event
 				}}
 			</div>
-		</div>
+		}}
 		<div>
-			{{FeaturedItem
+		<div class="row">
-				|page=2023_Buddha-Nature_Conference_Kathmandu
+			<div class="col-lg-9 pr-lg-0">
-				|title=Buddha-Nature Conference, Shechen Monastery, Kathmandu, June 1–3, 2023
-				|description=[[Image:Kathmandu-2023-June3-22.jpg|450px|class=h-auto p-0 col col-sm-6 col-lg-4 float-sm-right mt-2 mb-2 mb-sm-0 ml-sm-3 rounded|link=2023_Buddha-Nature_Conference_Kathmandu|]]In connection with the Buddha-Nature resource project, Tsadra Foundation hosted a three-day conference from June 1–3, 2023 by inviting some 20 speakers of outstanding erudition representing the different Tibetan Buddhist traditions to discuss buddha-nature, related texts, theories, and practices. The conference was attended by over two hundred scholars from 32 monastic learning centers in and around Kathmandu, broadcast live and the proceedings were recorded. The conference proved to be a lively and stimulating debate from the very first presentation! Great minds lectured and debated on our true nature of compassion and wisdom, using airplanes, pet bottles, and bouquets as examples to argue or counterargue that all beings or all things have the luminous buddha-nature. The conversations were marked by penetrating intellectual acuity, a robust sense of humor sending forth frequent bursts of laughter, and a deep sense of mutual respect and humility, thus making a significant contribution to the understanding of buddha-nature. <br> <span class="float-right">[[2023_Buddha-Nature_Conference_Kathmandu|See all presentations <i class="fad fa-long-arrow-right rotate-45 fa-xs"></i>]]</span>
-				|textclasses=vienna-gradient px-2 px-lg-5 pt-2 pb-3
-				|additionalcontent=<div class="border-top-redfade py-4 d-flex justify-content-center flex-wrap row">
-					{{#ask: [[Media/Lopon_Karma_Phuntso's_Introduction_of_Kyoton's_Life_and_Works]]OR[[Media/Khenpo_Tenpa_Tshering_at_the_2023_Buddha-Nature_Conference]]OR[[Media/Geshe_Lobsang_Gyatso_at_the_2023_Buddha-Nature_Conference]]
-						|?Fulltitle
-						|?Performer
-						|?VideoNumberInEvent
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-						|?TilePhoto
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-						|?BuNayTopicTags
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-				        |sort=VideoNumberInEvent
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-				        |template=SessionTile
-				        |userparam=col-md-6 col-lg-4 text-75
-				        |link=none
-				        |limit=150
-					}}
-				</div>
-			}}
-		</div>
-		<div>
-			{{FeaturedItem
-				|page=Tathāgatagarbha_Across_Asia
-				|title=Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia: The 2019 Vienna Symposium
-				|description=[[Image:Vienna-Symposium-Banner-for-Workshops-Meetings-Tsadra-website.jpg|450px|class=h-auto p-0 col col-sm-6 col-lg-4 float-sm-right mt-2 mb-2 mb-sm-0 ml-sm-3 rounded|link=Tathāgatagarbha_Across_Asia|]]Increased attention to the tathāgatagarbha doctrine in the last decade has lead to significant publications and meetings on the topic of buddha-nature and related themes. Scholars in Asia, Europe, and the Americas have published new translations and studies of the foundational scriptures and commentaries, and are examining the history and literature of the doctrine. In July 2019 Tsadra Foundation partnered with the University of Vienna to bring many of these scholars together for an international symposium titled Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia. The presentations are available here and the edited papers will be published in a collection of essays from Wisdom Publications. <br> <span class="float-right">[[Tathāgatagarbha_Across_Asia|See all presentations <i class="fad fa-long-arrow-right rotate-45 fa-xs"></i>]]</span>
-				|textclasses=vienna-gradient px-2 px-lg-5 pt-2 pb-3
-				|additionalcontent=<div class="border-top-redfade py-4 d-flex justify-content-center flex-wrap row">
-					{{#ask: [[Media/Klaus-Dieter_Mathes_at_the_2019_Tathagatagarbha_Symposium]]OR[[Media/Khenpo_Ngawang_Jorden_at_the_2019_Tathāgatagarbha_Symposium]]OR[[Media/Jacqueline_Stone_at_the_2019_Tathāgatagarbha_Symposium]]
-						|?Fulltitle
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-				        |template=SessionTile
-				        |userparam=col-md-6 col-lg-4 text-75
-				        |link=none
-				        |limit=150
-					}}
-				</div>
-			}}
-		</div>
-		<div>
-			{{FeaturedItem
-				|page=Old Topic, New Insights: Buddha-Nature at the Crossroads between Doctrine and Practice
-				|title=Old Topic, New Insights: Buddha-Nature at the Crossroads between Doctrine and Practice
-				|description=[[Image:Prague IATS1-1.jpg|450px|class=h-auto p-0 col col-sm-6 col-lg-4 float-sm-right mt-2 mb-2 mb-sm-0 ml-sm-3 rounded|link=Old_Topic,_New_Insights:_Buddha-Nature_at_the_Crossroads_between_Doctrine_and_Practice|]]Tsadra Foundation supported a panel at the 2022 IATS Conference in Prague. [[Old_Topic,_New_Insights:_Buddha-Nature_at_the_Crossroads_between_Doctrine_and_Practice|Watch the presentations here]].<br><br>''Panel Description:'' Continued scholarly publications, Buddhist teaching events, the recent development of online buddha-nature resources, and the associated Tathāgatagarbha symposium in Vienna in 2019 have spurred greater interest in the topic both within Tibetan Buddhist traditions and among other spiritual traditions. This panel brings together experts in an attempt to refine and deepen our understanding of buddha-nature both in terms of theoretical interpretations and practical applications in Tibetan Buddhist communities, past or present.<br><br>The main objective of the panel focuses on the interplay between points of doctrine and the practice of the path from the perspective of various Tibetan traditions and scholars. Contributions examine the interpretations of doctrines of tathāgatagarbha originally found in Indian scriptural sources. The methodological approach of these contributions range from historical-philological investigations to ethnographic research and comparative analysis. <br> <span class="float-right">[[Old_Topic,_New_Insights:_Buddha-Nature_at_the_Crossroads_between_Doctrine_and_Practice|See all presentations <i class="fad fa-long-arrow-right rotate-45 fa-xs"></i>]]</span>
-				|textclasses=vienna-gradient px-2 px-lg-5 pt-2 pb-3
-				|additionalcontent=<div class="border-top-redfade py-4 d-flex justify-content-center flex-wrap row">
-					{{#ask: [[Media/Christopher_Jones:_Defining_a_"Buddha-Nature_Discourse":_The_Case_of_the_Mahāmeghasūtra_(Sprin_chen_po'i_mdo)]]OR[[Media/Yaroslav_Komarovski:_Shakya_Chokden_on_Tathāgatagarbha_in_the_Tantric_Practice_of_the_Two_Stages]]OR[[Casey_Kemp:_Buddha-Nature_as_a_Path_of_Means:_The_Influence_of_Buddha-Nature_Theory_on_Eleventh-Century_Tibetan_Tantric_Instructions]]
-						|?Fulltitle
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-		</div>
-		<div>
-			<div class="row">
-				<div class="col-lg-9 pr-lg-0">
 				{{FeaturedItem
 					|page=Articles/Karl_Brunnhölzl_Interview_on_Buddha-Nature
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 					|imagelink=https://tricycle.org/magazine/bhutan-on-the-brink/
 					|imageposition=right
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 		</div>
 		<div class="row maitreya-gradient m-0 py-4">
-			<div class="col-12 section-header mt-2 mb-4 py-2 pl-lg-4 border-bottom-rightfade">Conversations on Buddha-Nature</div>
+			<h4 class="col-12 mt-2 mb-4 py-2 pl-lg-4 tsdwiki-border-br-redfade">Conversations on Buddha-Nature</h4>
 			<div class="col-lg-9 pl-lg-5 pr-lg-4">
-				<div class="sub-section-header mt-4 mt-lg-2 mb-2 border-bottom-rightfade">Chatting with teachers, leaders, and influencers in the Dharma World</div>
+				<h5 class="mt-4 mb-3 mb-lg-4 tsdwiki-border-br-redfade">Chatting with teachers, leaders, and influencers in the Dharma World</h5>
-				<div>
+				<div>Tsadra Foundation is excited to support Karma Phuntsho in developing a series of online events called "[[Conversations on Buddha-Nature]]". This podcast-like project will be space for stimulating and inspiring conversations on Buddha-Nature and related subjects. As a part of the Buddha-Nature Project of the Tsadra Foundation, Karma Phuntsho will host conversations with a Buddhist leader, influencer or expert each month on the theories and practices of Buddha-Nature, which will be live on Facebook. An exercise of mindful listening, right speech, and wholesome exploration of meaning and nature of life, these conversations aim to enhance the understanding and awareness of Buddha-Nature and promote the ethos of innate goodness and positive perception.</div>
-					Tsadra Foundation is excited to support Karma Phuntsho in developing a series of online events called "[[Conversations on Buddha-Nature]]". This podcast-like project will be space for stimulating and inspiring conversations on Buddha-Nature and related subjects. As a part of the Buddha-Nature Project of the Tsadra Foundation, Karma Phuntsho will host conversations with a Buddhist leader, influencer or expert each month on the theories and practices of Buddha-Nature, which will be live on Facebook. An exercise of mindful listening, right speech, and wholesome exploration of meaning and nature of life, these conversations aim to enhance the understanding and awareness of Buddha-Nature and promote the ethos of innate goodness and positive perception.
-				</div>
 			</div>
 			<div class="col-lg-3">
-				<div class="sub-section-header mt-4 mt-lg-2 mb-3 mb-lg-4 border-bottom-rightfade">Speakers</div>
+				<h5 class="mt-4 mb-3 mb-lg-4 tsdwiki-border-br-redfade">Speakers</h5>
 				<div class="d-flex flex-wrap">
 					{{PeopleMentionedMedia|People/Phuntsho, Karma|showdates=no|height=auto|margins=m-0}}
@@ Line 269: / Line 263: @@
 			</div>
 		</div>
-		<div class="section-header mt-4 mb-4 pl-4 pb-2 border-bottom-rightfade">From the experts</div>
+		<h4 class="mt-4 mb-4 pl-4 pb-2 tsdwiki-border-br-redfade">From the experts</h4>
 		<div class="row klaus-gradient m-0">
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-					|additionalcontent=<div class="border-top-redfade pt-3 text-center">{{InsertHtml5Audio|File:Mathes-Interview-Complete-53min-04sec.mp3}}
+					|additionalcontent=<div class="tsdwiki-border-t-redfade pt-3 text-center">{{InsertHtml5Audio|File:Mathes-Interview-Complete-53min-04sec.mp3}}
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 			<div class="col-lg-3 p-lg-3 pb-3">
-				<div class="sub-section-header mt-4 mt-lg-2 mb-2 text-center">[[Wulstan Fletcher]]</div>
+				<h5 class="mt-4 mt-lg-2 mb-2 text-center">[[Wulstan Fletcher]]</h5>
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 		<div class="row m-0 elizabeth-gradient">
 			<div class="col-lg-3 pl-3 pb-4">
-				<div class="sub-section-header mt-4 mb-2 text-center">[[Elizabeth Callahan]]</div>
+				<h5 class="mt-4 mb-2 text-center">[[Elizabeth Callahan]]</h5>
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@@ Line 380: / Line 374: @@
 					|page=Articles/Elizabeth_Callahan_Interview_on_Buddha-Nature
 					|title=Interview with Elizabeth Callahan on Buddha-Nature
-					|description=In this video interview Elizabeth Callahan discusses the key terminology that is used when speaking of buddha-nature. She explains the term ordinary mind and elaborates on the meaning of buddha-nature.
+					|description=In this video interview Elizabeth Callahan discusses the key terminology that is used when speaking of buddha-nature. She explains the term ''ordinary mind'' and elaborates on the meaning of buddha-nature.
 					|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images/0/0c/Callahan%2C_Elizabeth_Canyon_Cropped.jpg
 					|imageposition=right
@@ Line 409: / Line 403: @@
 					|page=Articles/On_the_Ratnagotravibhāga
 					|title=First Writer-In-Digital-Residence: Alex Gardner On the Ratnagotravibhāga
+                    |description=Alexander Gardner is Director and Chief Editor of the Treasury of Lives, an open-access biographical encyclopedia of Tibet, Inner Asia, and the Himalayan region. He completed his PhD in Buddhist Studies at the University of Michigan in 2007 and is the author of ''The Life of Jamgon Kongtrul the Great'', published by Shambhala in 2019. Alex served as the Writer-in-Digital-Residence for Tsadra Foundation's Buddha-Nature Project from 2017-2019. Read his key contributions here!
 					|image=https://commons.tsadra.org/images/5/50/Alexander_Gardner.jpg
 					|textclasses= pt-3 pb-2
@@ Line 414: / Line 409: @@
 			</div>
 			<div class="col-lg-3 p-3">
-				<div class="sub-section-header mt-4 mt-lg-2 mb-2 text-center">[[Alex Gardner]]</div>
+				<h5 class="mt-4 mt-lg-2 mb-2 text-center">[[Alex Gardner]]</h5>
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-		<div class="section-header mt-5 mb-4 pl-4 pb-2 border-bottom-rightfade">Other Interviews</div>
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-			|description=<div class="section-header mt-2 mb-4 border-bottom-rightfade">Study the sources</div>
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 			<div class="pl-lg-5 pr-lg-4">The seeds of buddha-nature teachings are sprinkled throughout the sutras and tantras of the Buddhist canon. A core group of scripture that initially taught buddha-nature known as the tathāgatagarbha sūtras date between the second and fourth centuries. These include the ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra'', the ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra'', the ''Śrīmālādevīsūtra'' and several others. The famous ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra'' was also important for buddha-nature theory. In Tibetan Buddhism the late-Indian treatise ''Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra'', or "Gyu Lama" as it is known in the Tibetan, serves as a major source for buddha-nature. In East Asia the ''Awakening of Faith in the Mahāyāna'' (大乗起信論) was the most influential treatise in spreading buddha-nature theory.<p class="featured-link">[[Primary Sources|Read more on the sources for buddha-nature teachings...]]</p></div>
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-		<div class="section-header mt-5 mb-4 pl-4 pb-2 border-bottom-rightfade">Explore the root verses</div>
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 			{{#ask: [[Media/Buddha_Nature_by_Ringu_Tulku_Rinpoche_(Part_1_of_3)]]OR[[Media/A_Discourse_on_the_Uttaratantra_by_14th_Dalai_Lama_in_Holland_(Part_1_of_4)]]OR[[Media/Buddha_Potential_1:_Uttaratantra_by_Kirti_Tsenshab_Rinpoche_at_Land_of_Medicine_Buddha_(Part_1_of_9)]]OR[[Media/Mahayana_Uttaratantra_Shastra:_Taught_by_Khenpo_Sodargye,_May_2019_(part_1)]]OR[[Media/Teachings_on_the_Uttaratantra_by_Gyumed_Khensur_Rinpoche_Lobsang_Jampa_by_Do_Ngak_Kunphen_Ling,_Redding,_CT_and_the_Mahayana_Sutra_and_Tantra_Center_of_NJ_(Part_1_of_16)]]OR[[Media/Tulku_Orgyen_Phuntsok_Buddha_Nature_Class:_Teachings_on_the_Uttaratantra_1of_6]]
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