Difference between revisions of "Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia"

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|headerImage=Vienna-Symposium-Main-Banner.jpg
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|eventTitle=Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia
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|eventSubtitle=The Reception of an Influential Mahāyāna Doctrine in Central and East Asia
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|eventSeriesTitle=Vienna Symposium
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|description=Increased attention to the tathāgatagarbha doctrine in the last decade has lead to significant publications and meetings on the topic of buddha-nature and related themes. Scholars in Asia, Europe, and the Americas have published new translations and studies of the foundational scriptures and commentaries, and are examining the history and literature of the doctrine. In July 2019 Tsadra Foundation partnered with the University of Vienna to bring many of these scholars together for an international symposium titled Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia. The presentations are available here and the edited papers will be published in a collection of essays from Wisdom Publications.
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Over three days the symposium surveyed the differing forms of tathāgatagarbha doctrine that developed as its primary Indian scriptural sources were translated, transmitted, and interpreted by religious schools across Asia. Contemporary Buddhist teachers joined academics at the podium. Presentations ranged from the historical-philological analysis of the primary sources to issues of reconstruction and comparison in the target languages and cultures and included how tathāgatagarbha is taught in Buddhist communities today. Although primarily focused on the Indian and Himalayan material, the diversity in approaches and subject matter made for fruitful comparisons and discussions.
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|date=July 2019
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}}{{FullPagePanel
 
|title=Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia
 
|title=Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia
 
|subtitle=University of Vienna, July 2019
 
|subtitle=University of Vienna, July 2019
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|description=<center>The Reception of an Influential Mahāyāna Doctrine in Central and East Asia<br><br>''Organized by Professor Klaus-Dieter Mathes''<br><small>Department of South Asian, Tibetan and Buddhist Studies, Universität Wien</small></center>
 
|description=<center>The Reception of an Influential Mahāyāna Doctrine in Central and East Asia<br><br>''Organized by Professor Klaus-Dieter Mathes''<br><small>Department of South Asian, Tibetan and Buddhist Studies, Universität Wien</small></center>
 
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<div class="col-lg-9 mt-5 mt-lg-0 drop-cap">
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<div class="col-lg-9 mt-5 mt-lg-0">
  
 
<h2 class="mt-0 pt-0"> The 2019 Vienna Symposium </h2>
 
<h2 class="mt-0 pt-0"> The 2019 Vienna Symposium </h2>
  
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Increased attention to the tathāgatagarbha doctrine in the last decade has lead to significant publications and meetings on the topic of buddha-nature and related themes. Scholars in Asia, Europe, and the Americas have published new translations and studies of the foundational scriptures and commentaries, and are examining the history and literature of the doctrine. In July 2019 Tsadra Foundation partnered with the University of Vienna to bring many of these scholars together for an international symposium titled Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia.  
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<p class="drop-cap">Increased attention to the tathāgatagarbha doctrine in the last decade has lead to significant publications and meetings on the topic of buddha-nature and related themes. Scholars in Asia, Europe, and the Americas have published new translations and studies of the foundational scriptures and commentaries, and are examining the history and literature of the doctrine. In July 2019 Tsadra Foundation partnered with the University of Vienna to bring many of these scholars together for an international symposium titled Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia. The presentations are available here and the edited papers will be published in a collection of essays from Wisdom Publications.</p>
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Over three days the symposium surveyed the differing forms of tathāgatagarbha doctrine that developed as its primary Indian scriptural sources were translated, transmitted, and interpreted by religious schools across Asia. Contemporary Buddhist teachers joined academics at the podium. Presentations ranged from the historical-philological analysis of the primary sources to issues of reconstruction and comparison in the target languages and cultures and included how tathāgatagarbha is taught in Buddhist communities today. Although primarily focused on the Indian and Himalayan material, the diversity in approaches and subject matter made for fruitful comparisons and discussions.  
 
 
   
 
   
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All presentations were recorded, and the videos are available below. Organizers are planning on publishing the proceedings of the symposium in book form, and for this reason transcripts of the talks are not being released.  
+
Over three days the symposium surveyed the differing forms of tathāgatagarbha doctrine that developed as its primary Indian scriptural sources were translated, transmitted, and interpreted by religious schools across Asia. Contemporary Buddhist teachers joined academics at the podium. Presentations ranged from the historical-philological analysis of the primary sources to issues of reconstruction and comparison in the target languages and cultures and included how tathāgatagarbha is taught in Buddhist communities today. Although primarily focused on the Indian and Himalayan material, the diversity in approaches and subject matter made for fruitful comparisons and discussions.
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<h2> The Symposium Sessions </h2>
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All presentations were recorded, and the videos are available below. Organizers are planning on publishing the proceedings of the symposium in book form, and for this reason transcripts of the talks are not being released.  
  
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<div class="row">
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<h2 class="m-0 p-0 border-0 hidden" style="height: 100px;">The Symposium Sessions</h2>
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|Header=Official Welcome
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|SpeakerPage=Klaus-Dieter Mathes
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|heading=The Symposium Sessions
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|YouTubeID=P3eFot99daI
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}}
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|MediaTitle=Official Welcome with Klaus-Dieter Mathes
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|MediaLink=Media/Klaus-Dieter Mathes - Welcome Speech of the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
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|Header=Keynote Speech
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|SpeakerPage=Donald S. Lopez, Jr.
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|YouTubeID=0SSSdNNbeu8
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|MediaTitle=Keynote Speech with Donald S. Lopez, Jr.
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|Description=Zhang ston Bsod nams grags pa’s Defense of Dol po pa’s Clear-Cut Distinction between Buddha Nature and the Ground Consciousness
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|limit=150
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}}
 
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{{ViennaSession
 
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|Header=Day 1 Session 1b
 
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|SpeakerPage=Brambilla, F.
 
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|YouTubeID=_1cTYaIFa4g
 
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|MediaTitle=Day 1 Session 1b - Filippo Brambilla
 
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|MediaLink=Media/Filippo Brambilla at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
 
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|Description=Empty of True Existence, Yet Full of Qualities. Tshogs gnyis rgya mtsho (1880–1940) on Buddha Nature.
 
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}}
 
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{{ViennaSession
 
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|Header=Day 1 Session 2a
 
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|SpeakerPage=Martina Draszczyk
 
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|YouTubeID=MoMUdg40Qv8
 
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|MediaTitle=Day 1 Session 2a - Martina Draszczyk
 
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|MediaLink=Media/Martina Draszczyk at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
 
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|Description=Buddha Nature as Seen by Early Bka’ brgyud Masters
 
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}}
 
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{{ViennaSession
 
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|Header=Day 1 Session 2b
 
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|SpeakerPage=Khenpo Tamphel
 
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|YouTubeID=3GbYgx3ozDM
 
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|MediaTitle=Day 1 Session 2b - Khenpo Tamphel
 
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|MediaLink=Media/Khenpo Tamphel at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
 
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|Description=The Difference Between a Sentient Being and a Buddha: ’Jig rten gsum mgon’s Instruction on the Process of Confusion.
 
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}}
 
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{{ViennaSession
 
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|Header=Day 1 Session 3a
 
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|SpeakerPage=Christian Charrier; Patrick Carré
 
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|YouTubeID=Sgz0XThTwGE
 
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|MediaTitle=Day 1 Session 3a - Christian Charrier & Patrick Carré
 
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|MediaLink=Media/Christian Charrier & Patrick Carré at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
 
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|Description=Uttaratantraśāstra: A New French Translation from Tibetan According to ‘Jam mgon Kong sprul’s Commentary
 
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}}
 
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{{ViennaSession
 
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|Header=Day 1 Session 3b
 
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|SpeakerPage=Douglas Duckworth
 
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|YouTubeID=slBWdnUfS8w
 
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|MediaTitle=Day 1 Session 3b - Douglas Duckworth
 
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|MediaLink=Media/Douglas Duckworth at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
 
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|Description=Sentient Beings Within: Buddha-Nature and the Great Perfection
 
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}}
 
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{{ViennaSession
 
−
|Header=Day 1 Session 4
 
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|SpeakerPage=David Higgins
 
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|YouTubeID=LHzI1PxptpI
 
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|MediaTitle=Day 1 Session 4 - David Higgins
 
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|MediaLink=Media/David Higgins at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
 
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|Description=Buddha-Nature and Selfhood
 
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}}
 
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{{ViennaSession
 
−
|Header=Day 2 Session 1a
 
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|SpeakerPage=Shenpen Hookham
 
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|YouTubeID=IM93AeQIR4I
 
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|MediaTitle=Day 2 Session 1a - Shenpen Hookham
 
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|MediaLink=Media/Shenpen Hookham at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
 
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|Description=The impact of a Shentong (gzhan stong) interpretation of Tathāgatagarbha doctrine from the point of view of a western Buddhist practitioner
 
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}}
 
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{{ViennaSession
 
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|Header=Day 2 Session 1b
 
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|MediaTitle=Day 2 Session 1b - Hong Luo
 
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|SpeakerPage=Hong Luo
 
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|Description=Observing the Link between Self-awareness and Buddha Nature in Ratnākaraśānti’s Prajñāpāramitopadeśa
 
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|MediaLink=Media/Hong Luo at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
 
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|YouTubeID=y5iFwWLJUAc
 
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}}
 
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{{ViennaSession
 
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|Header=Day 2 Session 2a
 
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|MediaTitle=Day 2 Session 2a - Sina Joos
 
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|SpeakerPage=Sina Joos
 
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|Description=The Role of the Ratnagotravibhāga in Tā ra nā tha’s dBu ma theg mchog
 
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|MediaLink=Media/Sina Joos at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
 
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|YouTubeID=kxn5XgPGnSU
 
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}}
 
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{{ViennaSession
 
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|Header=Day 2 Session 2b
 
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|MediaTitle=Day 2 Session 2b - Khenpo Ngawang Jorden
 
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|SpeakerPage=Khenpo Ngawang Jorden
 
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|Description=Revisiting Gorampa on Buddha Nature
 
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|MediaLink=Media/Khenpo Ngawang Jorden at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
 
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|YouTubeID=wmhgtw5HwCE
 
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{{ViennaSession
 
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|Header=Day 2 Session 3a
 
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|MediaTitle=Day 2 Session 3a - Christopher V. Jones
 
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|SpeakerPage=Christopher V. Jones
 
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|Description=Selfhood, Secrecy, Singularity: Reassessing the Early Life of the Tathāgatagarbha in India
 
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|MediaLink=Media/Christopher V. Jones at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
 
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|YouTubeID=ARzGpIOwFYc
 
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}}
 
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{{ViennaSession
 
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|Header=Day 2 Session 3b
 
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|MediaTitle=Day 2 Session 3b - Kazuo Kano
 
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|SpeakerPage=Kazuo Kano
 
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|Description=Examples of the Term tathāgatagarbha Appearing in Indic Tantric Literature
 
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|MediaLink=Media/Kazuo Kano at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
 
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|YouTubeID=vIVDu1Ig7H8
 
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}}
 
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{{ViennaSession
 
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|Header=Day 2 Session 4a
 
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|MediaTitle=Day 2 Session 4a - Casey Kemp
 
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|SpeakerPage=Casey Kemp
 
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|Description=The Luminous Basis for Buddhahood: ’Jig rten mgon po’s Pith Instructions for Merging the Nature of Mind with the Dharmakāya
 
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|MediaLink=Media/Casey Kemp at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
 
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|YouTubeID=O7VQkhK1CE0
 
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}}
 
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{{ViennaSession
 
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|Header=Day 2 Session 4b
 
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|MediaTitle=Day 2 Session 4b - Seiji Kumagai
 
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|SpeakerPage=Seiji Kumagai
 
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|Description=How the Concepts of “buddha-nature” (Tathāgatagarbha) and “innate enlightenment” (Hongaku) were interpreted by Shinran (1173-1263), Founder of the Jōdo-Shin-Shū School of Japanese Pure Land Buddhism.
 
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|MediaLink=Media/Seiji Kumagai at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
 
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|YouTubeID=_KwdudJF4hc
 
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}}
 
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{{ViennaSession
 
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|Header=Day 3 Session 1a
 
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|MediaTitle=Day 3 Session 1a - Katrin Querl
 
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|SpeakerPage=Katrin Querl
 
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|Description=Preliminary Notes on the Notion of Buddha Nature in the Single Intention
 
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|MediaLink=Media/Katrin Querl at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
 
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|YouTubeID=gp3GJz3-5DY
 
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}}
 
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{{ViennaSession
 
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|Header=Day 3 Session 1b
 
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|MediaTitle=Day 3 Session 1b - Kurtis Schaeffer
 
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|SpeakerPage=Kurtis Schaeffer
 
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|Description=Notes from the Cave: ‘Jigs med gling pa on buddha-nature
 
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|MediaLink=Media/Kurtis Schaeffer at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
 
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|YouTubeID=x32COWVlJ38
 
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}}
 
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{{ViennaSession
 
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|Header=Day 3 Session 2a
 
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|MediaTitle=Day 3 Session 2a - Michael Sheehy
 
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|SpeakerPage=Michael Sheehy
 
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|Description=Tantric Zhentong Visions of Tathāgatagarbha in Tibetan Kālacakra Yoga Manuals
 
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|MediaLink=Media/Michael Sheehy at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
 
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|YouTubeID=Fm7z5pR1EGA
 
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}}
 
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{{ViennaSession
 
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|Header=Day 3 Session 2b
 
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|MediaTitle=Day 3 Session 2b - Jacqueline Stone
 
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|SpeakerPage=Jacqueline Stone
 
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|Description=From Buddha Nature to Original Enlightenment “Contemplating Suchness” in Medieval Japan
 
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|MediaLink=Media/Jacqueline Stone at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
 
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|YouTubeID=1zXXWsD39hc
 
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{{ViennaSession
 
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|MediaTitle=Day 3 Session 3a - Dorji Wangchuk
 
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|SpeakerPage=Dorji Wangchuk
 
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|Description=Rong-zom-pa on the Tathāgatagarbha and Pratītyasamutpāda Theories
 
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|MediaLink=Media/Dorji Wangchuk at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
 
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|YouTubeID=0slogomESI8
 
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}}
 
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{{ViennaSession
 
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|Header=Day 3 Session 3b
 
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|MediaTitle=Day 3 Session 3b - Michael Zimmermann
 
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|SpeakerPage=Michael Zimmermann
 
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|Description=New research on the concept of buddha-nature in India: the beginnings
 
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|MediaLink=Media/Michael Zimmermann at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
 
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|YouTubeID=bYkBSSAJ-zo
 
 
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<h4>July 16th 2019 - Welcome</h4>
 
<h4>July 16th 2019 - Welcome</h4>
 
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<h4>July 17th 2019 - Day One</h4>
 
<h4>July 17th 2019 - Day One</h4>
 
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<h4>July 18th 2019 - Day Two</h4>
 
<h4>July 18th 2019 - Day Two</h4>
 
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<h4>July 19th 2019 - Day Three</h4>
 
<h4>July 19th 2019 - Day Three</h4>
 
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[[:Category: Presenters at the 2019 Vienna Symposium|See the list of presenters at the 2019 Vienna Symposium]]

Latest revision as of 11:49, 13 June 2023

Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia
University of Vienna, July 2019
The Reception of an Influential Mahāyāna Doctrine in Central and East Asia

Organized by Professor Klaus-Dieter Mathes
Department of South Asian, Tibetan and Buddhist Studies, Universität Wien


The 2019 Vienna Symposium

Increased attention to the tathāgatagarbha doctrine in the last decade has lead to significant publications and meetings on the topic of buddha-nature and related themes. Scholars in Asia, Europe, and the Americas have published new translations and studies of the foundational scriptures and commentaries, and are examining the history and literature of the doctrine. In July 2019 Tsadra Foundation partnered with the University of Vienna to bring many of these scholars together for an international symposium titled Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia. The presentations are available here and the edited papers will be published in a collection of essays from Wisdom Publications.

Over three days the symposium surveyed the differing forms of tathāgatagarbha doctrine that developed as its primary Indian scriptural sources were translated, transmitted, and interpreted by religious schools across Asia. Contemporary Buddhist teachers joined academics at the podium. Presentations ranged from the historical-philological analysis of the primary sources to issues of reconstruction and comparison in the target languages and cultures and included how tathāgatagarbha is taught in Buddhist communities today. Although primarily focused on the Indian and Himalayan material, the diversity in approaches and subject matter made for fruitful comparisons and discussions.

All presentations were recorded, and the videos are available below. Organizers are planning on publishing the proceedings of the symposium in book form, and for this reason transcripts of the talks are not being released.

The Symposium Sessions

Klaus-Dieter Mathes

Welcome
Klaus-Dieter Mathes
Welcome Speech of the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium: Opening Remarks by Klaus-Dieter Mathes
Mathes, Klaus-Dieter. “Welcome Speech of the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium.” Opening remarks presented at the University of Vienna Symposium, Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia, Vienna, Austria, July 2019. Video, 5:55. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P3eFot99daI.;

Donald Lopez

Keynote
Donald S. Lopez, Jr.
Tathāgatagarbha: A Brief History
Lopez, Donald S., Jr. “Tathāgatagarbha: A Brief History.” Keynote lecture at the University of Vienna Symposium, Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia, Vienna, Austria, July 2019. Video, 40:17. https://youtu.be/0SSSdNNbeu8.; Key Terms/tathāgatagarbha, Key Terms/guṇapāramitā, People/Asaṅga, Texts/Laṅkāvatārasūtra, Texts/Śrīmālādevīsūtra, Texts/Tathāgatagarbhasūtra, Texts/Aṅgulimālīyasūtra, Texts/Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra, Texts/Bde gshegs snying po gsal ba'i rgyan, People/Tsong kha pa, Key Terms/ālayavijñāna, People/Gimello, R., Key Terms/tathatā, People/Obermiller, E., Articles/A History of Buddha-Nature Theory: The Literature and Traditions, Texts/Dasheng qixin lun, People/Vasubandhu, People/Schopen, G., People/Bhāvaviveka, People/Burnouf, E., People/Lcang skya rol pa'i rdo rje, Topics/History of buddha-nature in Tibet, Topics/History of buddha-nature in China, Topics/History of buddha-nature in India, Topics/History of buddha-nature in Japan, Texts/Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra

Klaus-Dieter Mathes

Presentation
Klaus-Dieter Mathes
Zhang ston Bsod nams grags pa’s Defense of Dol po pa’s Clear-Cut Distinction between Buddha Nature and the Ground Consciousness
Mathes, Klaus-Dieter. “Zhang ston Bsod nams grags pa’s Defense of Dol po pa’s Clear-Cut Distinction between Buddha Nature and the Ground Consciousness.” Paper presented at the University of Vienna Symposium, Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia, Vienna, Austria, July 2019. Video, 40:48. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K-ALrY63cho.; People/'gos lo tsA ba gzhon nu dpal, Key Terms/trisvabhāva, Key Terms/pariniṣpannasvabhāva, Key Terms/paratantrasvabhāva, Key Terms/parikalpitasvabhāva, Key Terms/Jonang, Texts/Laṅkāvatārasūtra, Texts/Śrīmālādevīsūtra, People/Karmapa, 3rd, Texts/Tathāgatagarbhasūtra, Texts/Anūnatvāpūrṇatvanirdeśaparivarta, People/Dol po pa, Texts/Mahāyānottaratantraśāstropadeśa, Texts/Ratnagotravibhāgavyākhyā, Key Terms/ālayavijñāna, Key Terms/Yogācāra, People/Zhang ston bsod nams grags pa, Key Terms/gzhan stong, Texts/Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra

Filippo Brambilla

Presentation
Filippo Brambilla
Empty of True Existence, Yet Full of Qualities. Tshogs gnyis rgya mtsho (1880–1940) on Buddha Nature
Brambilla, Filippo. "Empty of True Existence, Yet Full of Qualities. Tshogs gnyis rgya mtsho (1880–1940) on Buddha Nature." Paper presented at the University of Vienna Symposium, Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia, Vienna, Austria, July 2019. Video, 41:47. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1cTYaIFa4g; Key Terms/neyārtha, Key Terms/nītārtha, Key Terms/prasajyapratiṣedha, Key Terms/tridharmacakrapravartana, Key Terms/Jonang, Key Terms/Geluk, People/Dol po pa, Texts/Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra, Topics/Buddha-nature as Emptiness, Key Terms/guṇa, Key Terms/gzhan stong, Texts/Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra, People/Ngag dbang tshogs gnyis rgya mtsho, Texts/Kun mkhyen jo nang pa chen po'i dgongs pa gzhan stong dbu ma'i tshul legs pa bshad mthar 'dzin gdung 'phrog, Texts/Kun mkhyen jo nang pa'i bzhes dgongs dbu tshad kyi gzhung spyi dang gung bsgrigs te spyod pa'i spyi don rab gsal snang ba

Martina Draszczyk

Presentation
Martina Draszczyk
Buddha Nature as Seen by Early Bka’ brgyud Masters
Draszczyk, Martina. "Buddha Nature as Seen by Early Bka’ brgyud Masters." Paper presented at the University of Vienna Symposium, Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia, Vienna, Austria, July 2019. Video, 37:27. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MoMUdg40Qv8.; Key Terms/paryudāsapratiṣedha, Key Terms/prasajyapratiṣedha, Key Terms/Kagyu, Key Terms/Kadam, People/Karmapa, 3rd, People/Sgam po pa, People/Btsan kha bo che, Texts/Dam chos yid bzhin gyi nor bu thar pa rin po che'i rgyan, Key Terms/Tsen Tradition, Key Terms/dharmakāya, People/La yag pa byang chub dngos grub, Topics/Buddha-nature as Emptiness, Key Terms/guṇa, Topics/Defining buddha-nature, Topics/Mahamudra

Khenpo Tamphel

Presentation
Khenpo Tamphel
The Difference Between a Sentient Being and a Buddha: 'Jig rten gsum mgon’s Instruction on the Process of Confusion
Tamphel, Khenpo Könchok. "The Difference Between a Sentient Being and a Buddha: 'Jig rten gsum mgon’s Instruction on the Process of Confusion." Paper presented at the University of Vienna Symposium, Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia, Vienna, Austria, July 2019. Video, 47:23. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3GbYgx3ozDM.; Key Terms/tathāgatagarbha, People/'bri gung skyob pa 'jig rten mgon po, Key Terms/Ngok Tradition, Key Terms/Tsen Tradition, Key Terms/dharmakāya, Key Terms/dharmatā, Key Terms/kun gzhi, Topics/Mahamudra, Topics/Sentient beings, Topics/Drikung Kagyu, Texts/Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra

Charrier, Carré

Presentation
Charrier, Carré
Uttaratantraśāstra: A New French Translation from Tibetan According to ‘Jam mgon Kong sprul’s Commentary
Charrier, Christian, and Patrick Carré. "Uttaratantraśāstra: A New French Translation from Tibetan According to ‘Jam mgon Kong sprul’s Commentary." Paper presented at the University of Vienna Symposium, Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia, Vienna, Austria, July 2019. Video, 40:49. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sgz0XThTwGE.; People/'jam mgon kong sprul, Topics/Textual study, Texts/Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra, Texts/Phyir mi ldog pa seng ge'i nga ro

Douglas Duckworth

Presentation
Douglas Duckworth
Sentient Beings Within: Buddha-Nature and the Great Perfection
Duckworth, Douglas. "Sentient Beings Within: Buddha-Nature and the Great Perfection." Paper presented at the University of Vienna Symposium, Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia, Vienna, Austria, July 2019. Video, 42:46. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=slBWdnUfS8w.; Key Terms/gotra, Key Terms/rang stong, Key Terms/Nyingma, Texts/Bde gshegs snying po'i stong thun chen mo seng+ge'i nga ro, People/Mi pham rgya mtsho, Key Terms/dharmakāya, Texts/Gzhan stong khas len seng ge'i nga ro, Topics/Buddha-nature as Emptiness, Key Terms/guṇa, Key Terms/sarvākāravaropetāśūnyatā, Key Terms/gzhan stong, Topics/Sentient beings, Topics/Buddha-nature as Luminosity, Topics/The doctrine of buddha-nature in Tibetan Buddhism, Topics/Production model, Dzogchen, Disclosure model

David Higgins

Presentation
David Higgins
Buddha-Nature and Selfhood
Higgins, David. "Buddha-Nature and Selfhood." Paper presented at the University of Vienna Symposium, Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia, Vienna, Austria, July 2019. Video, 41:28. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LHzI1PxptpI.; People/'gos lo tsA ba gzhon nu dpal, Key Terms/guṇapāramitā, People/Karmapa, 8th, Key Terms/ālayavijñāna, Key Terms/dharmakāya, Key Terms/ātman, Key Terms/anātman, Key Terms/sarvākāravaropetāśūnyatā, Key Terms/gzhi, Key Terms/rgyu'i rgyud, Topics/The doctrine of buddha-nature in Tibetan Buddhism, Topics/Buddha-nature as Self - Atman, Topics/The doctrine of buddha-nature in Indian Buddhism, Topics/Karma Kagyu, Topics/Vajrayana

Shenpen Hookham

Presentation
Shenpen Hookham
The impact of a Shentong interpretation of Tathāgatagarbha doctrine from the point of view of a western Buddhist practitioner
Hookham, Shenpen. "The Impact of a Shentong Interpretation of Tathāgatagarbha Doctrine from the Point of View of a Western Buddhist Practitioner." Paper presented at the University of Vienna Symposium, Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia, Vienna, Austria, July 2019. Video, 41:03. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IM93AeQIR4I.; Key Terms/rang stong, Key Terms/gzhan stong, Topics/History of buddha-nature in India, Topics/Contemporary, Topics/The doctrine of buddha-nature in Early Buddhism, Topics/The Path, Topics/Terminology

Hong Luo

Presentation
Hong Luo
Observing the Link between Self-awareness and Buddha Nature in Ratnākaraśānti’s Prajñāpāramitopadeśa
Luo, Hong. "Observing the Link between Self-awareness and Buddha Nature in Ratnākaraśānti’s Prajñāpāramitopadeśa." Paper presented at the University of Vienna Symposium, Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia, Vienna, Austria, July 2019. Video, 39:00. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5iFwWLJUAc.; Key Terms/trisvabhāva, People/Ratnākaraśānti, Key Terms/ālayavijñāna, People/Sthiramati, Key Terms/Yogācāra, People/Paramārtha, Key Terms/svasaṃvedana, Key Terms/prabhāsvaracitta, Topics/History of buddha-nature in India, Topics/Buddha-nature as Luminosity, Key Terms/prabhāsvaratā

Sina Joos

Presentation
Sina Joos
The Role of the Ratnagotravibhāga in Tā ra nā tha’s dBu ma theg mchog
Joos, Sina. "The Role of the Ratnagotravibhāga in Tā ra nā tha’s dBu ma theg mchog." Paper presented at the University of Vienna Symposium, Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia, Vienna, Austria, July 2019. Video, 40:46. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxn5XgPGnSU.; Key Terms/gotra, Key Terms/dharmadhātu, Key Terms/guṇapāramitā, Key Terms/nītārtha, Key Terms/paryudāsapratiṣedha, Key Terms/prasajyapratiṣedha, Key Terms/āgantukamala, Key Terms/tridharmacakrapravartana, Key Terms/Jonang, People/Dol po pa, Key Terms/prakṛtisthagotra, Key Terms/dharmakāya, Key Terms/Great Madhyamaka, Texts/Theg mchog shin tu rgyas pa'i dbu ma chen po rnam par nges pa, People/TA ra nA tha, Key Terms/guṇa, Key Terms/gzhan stong, Topics/Terminology, Texts/Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra, Disclosure model, People/Kun dga' ye shes rgya mtsho

Ngawang Jorden

Presentation
Khenpo Ngawang Jorden
Revisiting Gorampa on Buddha Nature
Jorden, Khenpo Ngawang. "Revisiting Gorampa on Buddha Nature." Paper presented at the University of Vienna Symposium, Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia, Vienna, Austria, July 2019. Video, 45:05. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wmhgtw5HwCE.; Key Terms/rang stong, Key Terms/śūnyatā, Key Terms/trisvabhāva, Key Terms/pariniṣpannasvabhāva, Key Terms/paratantrasvabhāva, Key Terms/parikalpitasvabhāva, Key Terms/paramārthasatya, Key Terms/saṃvṛtisatya, Key Terms/Jonang, Key Terms/Sakya, People/Dol po pa, People/Rong ston shes bya kun rig, Texts/Sdom gsum rab dbye, People/Red mda' ba gzhon nu blo gros, People/Go rams pa bsod nams seng ge, Key Terms/Madhyamaka, Texts/Dharmadhātustava, People/Nāgārjuna, Debates / Debate, Key Terms/gzhan stong, Topics/History of buddha-nature in Tibet, Topics/Two Truths

Christopher Jones

Presentation
Christopher V. Jones
Selfhood, Secrecy, Singularity: Reassessing the Early Life of the Tathāgatagarbha in India
Jones, Christopher V. "Selfhood, Secrecy, Singularity: Reassessing the Early Life of the Tathāgatagarbha in India." Paper presented at the University of Vienna Symposium, Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia, Vienna, Austria, July 2019. Video, 45:01. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ARzGpIOwFYc.; Key Terms/tathāgatagarbha, Key Terms/buddhadhātu, Texts/Laṅkāvatārasūtra, Texts/Śrīmālādevīsūtra, Texts/Tathāgatagarbhasūtra, Texts/Anūnatvāpūrṇatvanirdeśaparivarta, Texts/Mahābherīsūtra, Texts/Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra, Texts/Aṅgulimālīyasūtra, People/Radich, M., Texts/Ratnagotravibhāgavyākhyā, People/Takasaki, J., Key Terms/dharmakāya, Key Terms/ātman, Key Terms/ekayāna, Topics/History of buddha-nature in India, Topics/Buddha-nature as Self - Atman, Topics/The doctrine of buddha-nature in Indian Buddhism, Topics/The doctrine of buddha-nature in Early Buddhism, Topics/Terminology, Texts/Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra

Kazuo Kano

Presentation
Kazuo Kano
Examples of the Term tathāgatagarbha Appearing in Indic Tantric Literature
Kano, Kazuo. "Examples of the Term tathāgatagarbha Appearing in Indic Tantric Literature." Paper presented at the University of Vienna Symposium, Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia, Vienna, Austria, July 2019. Video, 42:13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIVDu1Ig7H8.; Key Terms/tathāgatagarbha, People/Ratnākaraśānti, Key Terms/Yogācāra, Key Terms/Madhyamaka, People/Abhayākara, Key Terms/ekayāna, Key Terms/triyāna, Topics/Vajrayana, Topics/Terminology

Casey Kemp

Presentation
Casey Kemp
The Luminous Basis for Buddhahood: ’Jig rten mgon po’s Pith Instructions for Merging the Nature of Mind with the Dharmakāya
Kemp, Casey. "The Luminous Basis for Buddhahood: ’Jig rten mgon po’s Pith Instructions for Merging the Nature of Mind with the Dharmakāya." Paper presented at the University of Vienna Symposium, Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia, Vienna, Austria, July 2019. Video, 41:36. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7VQkhK1CE0.; Key Terms/āgantukamala, People/'bri gung skyob pa 'jig rten mgon po, Key Terms/Kagyu, People/Sgam po pa, Key Terms/dharmakāya, People/Mar pa chos kyi blo gros, Key Terms/prabhāsvaracitta, Key Terms/tha mal gyi shes pa, Topics/Mahamudra, Topics/Drikung Kagyu, Topics/Buddha-nature as Luminosity, Topics/Vajrayana, Key Terms/prabhāsvaratā

Seiji Kumagai

Presentation
Seiji Kumagai
How the Concepts of “buddha-nature” (Tathāgatagarbha) and “innate enlightenment” (Hongaku) were interpreted by Shinran (1173-1263)
Kumagai, Seiji. "How the Concepts of 'Buddha-Nature' (Tathāgatagarbha) and 'Innate Enlightenment' (Hongaku) Were Interpreted by Shinran (1173–1263), Founder of the Jōdo-Shin-Shū School of Japanese Pure Land Buddhism." Paper presented at the University of Vienna Symposium, Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia, Vienna, Austria, July 2019. Video, 47:28. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_KwdudJF4hc.; People/Shinran, People/Genshin, People/Tanluan, People/Tamura, Y., People/Hōnen, Topics/The doctrine of buddha-nature in Japanese Buddhism, Topics/Tien Tai, Topics/Pure Land, Key Terms/original enlightenment

Katrin Querl

Presentation
Katrin Querl
Preliminary Notes on the Notion of Buddha Nature in the Single Intention
Querl, Katrin. "Preliminary Notes on the Notion of Buddha Nature in the Single Intention." Paper presented at the University of Vienna Symposium, Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia, Vienna, Austria, July 2019. Video, 43:53. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gp3GJz3-5DY.; Key Terms/gotra, People/'bri gung skyob pa 'jig rten mgon po, Key Terms/Kagyu, Key Terms/Tsen Tradition, People/'bri gung spyan snga shes rab 'byung gnas, People/Rin chen byang chub, People/Rdo rje shes rab, People/Ngo rje ras pa, People/Drikung Chungtsang, 1st, Topics/Buddha-nature as Emptiness, Key Terms/ekayāna, Key Terms/guṇa, Texts/Dam chos dgongs pa gcig pa, Key Terms/tha mal gyi shes pa, Topics/History of buddha-nature in Tibet, Topics/Mahamudra, Topics/Drikung Kagyu, Topics/The doctrine of buddha-nature in Tibetan Buddhism

Kurtis Schaeffer

Presentation
Kurtis Schaeffer
Notes from the Cave: 'Jigs med gling pa on Buddha-Nature
Schaeffer, Kurtis. "Notes from the Cave: 'Jigs med gling pa on Buddha-Nature." Paper presented at the University of Vienna Symposium, Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia, Vienna, Austria, July 2019. Video, 37:04. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x32COWVlJ38.; Key Terms/Nyingma, People/'jigs med gling pa, Texts/Yon tan rin po che'i mdzod dga' ba'i char, Topics/Textual study, Dzogchen

Michael Sheehy

Presentation
Michael Sheehy
Tantric Zhentong Visions of Tathāgatagarbha in Tibetan Kālacakra Yoga Manuals
Sheehy, Michael. "Tantric Zhentong Visions of Tathāgatagarbha in Tibetan Kālacakra Yoga Manuals." Paper presented at the University of Vienna Symposium, Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia, Vienna, Austria, July 2019. Video, 46:01. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fm7z5pR1EGA.; Key Terms/Jonang, People/Dol po pa, People/Tsong kha pa, People/Yu mo mi bskyod rdo rje, People/Phyogs las rnam rgyal, People/Jo nang lo tsA ba blo gros dpal, People/Nya dbon kun dga' dpal, Topics/Buddha-nature as Emptiness, Key Terms/gzhan stong, Topics/History of buddha-nature in Tibet, Topics/The doctrine of buddha-nature in Tibetan Buddhism, Topics/Vajrayana, Texts/Vimalaprabhā, People/Jo nang chos rje yon tan rgya mtsho

Jacqueline Stone

Presentation
Jacqueline Stone
From Buddha Nature to Original Enlightenment “Contemplating Suchness” in Medieval Japan
Stone, Jacqueline. "From Buddha Nature to Original Enlightenment: 'Contemplating Suchness' in Medieval Japan." Paper presented at the University of Vienna Symposium, Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia, Vienna, Austria, July 2019. Video, 47:26. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1zXXWsD39hc.; Key Terms/dharmadhātu, Key Terms/neyārtha, Key Terms/nītārtha, Texts/Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra, Key Terms/tathatā, Key Terms/dharmatā, People/Shinran, People/Genshin, Topics/History of buddha-nature in China, Topics/History of buddha-nature in Japan, Topics/The doctrine of buddha-nature in Japanese Buddhism, Topics/Tien Tai, Key Terms/original enlightenment, Disclosure model

Dorji Wangchuk

Presentation
Dorji Wangchuk
Rong-zom-pa on the Tathāgatagarbha and Pratītyasamutpāda Theories
Wangchuk, Dorji. "Rong-zom-pa on the Tathāgatagarbha and Pratītyasamutpāda Theories." Paper presented at the University of Vienna Symposium, Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia, Vienna, Austria, July 2019. Video, 45:33. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0slogomESI8.; Key Terms/tathāgatagarbha, Key Terms/śūnyatā, People/Asaṅga, Key Terms/Nyingma, People/Dol po pa, Texts/Ratnagotravibhāgavyākhyā, People/Rong zom chos kyi bzang po, People/Nāgārjuna, People/Avalokitavrata, Key Terms/pratītyasamutpāda, Topics/History of buddha-nature in Tibet, Topics/The doctrine of buddha-nature in Tibetan Buddhism, Topics/Two Truths, Topics/Critical Buddhism, Texts/Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra

Michael Zimmermann

Presentation
Michael Zimmermann
New Research on the Concept of Buddha-Nature in India: The Beginnings
Zimmermann, Michael. "New Research on the Concept of Buddha-Nature in India: The Beginnings." Paper presented at the University of Vienna Symposium, Tathāgatagarbha Across Asia, Vienna, Austria, July 2019. Video, 45:00. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bYkBSSAJ-zo.; Key Terms/tathāgatagarbha, Texts/Tathāgatagarbhasūtra, Texts/Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra, Texts/Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtra, People/Radich, M., Topics/History of buddha-nature in India, Topics/Defining buddha-nature, Topics/The doctrine of buddha-nature in Indian Buddhism, Topics/The doctrine of buddha-nature in Early Buddhism, Topics/Terminology, Topics/Critical Buddhism, Texts/Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra

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July 16th 2019 - Welcome

July 17th 2019 - Day One

July 18th 2019 - Day Two

July 19th 2019 - Day Three

See the list of presenters at the 2019 Vienna Symposium

Mahāyāna - Mahāyāna, or the Great Vehicle, refers to the system of Buddhist thought and practice which developed around the beginning of Common Era, focusing on the pursuit of the state of full enlightenment of the Buddha through the realization of the wisdom of emptiness and the cultivation of compassion. Skt. महायान Tib. ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོ། Ch. 大乘

tathāgatagarbha - Buddha-nature, literally the "womb/essence of those who have gone (to suchness)." Skt. तथागतगर्भ Tib. དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་ Ch. 如来藏

tathāgatagarbha - Buddha-nature, literally the "womb/essence of those who have gone (to suchness)." Skt. तथागतगर्भ Tib. དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་ Ch. 如来藏

guṇapāramitā - In the Śrīmālādevī Siṃhanāda Sūtra it is explained that the dharmakāya of a buddha possesses the four perfect qualities of purity, bliss, permanence, and self. Skt. गुणपारमिता Tib. ཡོན་ཏན་ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ་ Ch. 功德波羅蜜

Descent into Laṅka Sūtra, a very influential text in East Asia and Nepal.

An important sūtra source for the Ratnagotravibhāga, particularly for its discussion of the nine examples that illustrate how all sentient beings possess buddha-nature.

One of the tathāgatagarbha sūtras.

ālayavijñāna - A neutral base consciousness that is posited as the storehouse for the seeds of past karmic actions in which they remain in a latent state until the circumstances arise for them to ripen as karmic consequences. Skt. आलयविज्ञान Tib. ཀུན་གཞིའི་རྣམ་ཤེས་ Ch. 藏識,阿賴耶識

tathatā - Suchness itself, absolute reality, or thusness, as in the ultimate state of being of phenomena. Skt. तथता Tib. དེ་བཞིན་ཉིད་

The Awakening of Faith is a key source text for buddha-nature theory in East Asian Buddhism.

These are the root verses of the Uttaratantra attributed to Maitreya by the Tibetan tradition.

trisvabhāva - According to the Yogācāra school, all phenomena can be divided into three natures or characteristics: the imaginary nature (parikalpitasvabhāva), the dependent nature (paratantrasvabhāva), and the perfect or absolute nature (pariniṣpannasvabhāva). Skt. त्रिस्वभाव Tib. རང་བཞིན་གསུམ་

pariniṣpannasvabhāva - The third of the three natures, according to the Yogācāra school. It is the perfect nature that represents the most authentic understanding of phenomena, which is classically defined as the complete absence of the imaginary nature within the dependent nature. Skt. परिनिष्पन्नस्वभाव Tib. ཡོངས་སུ་གྲུབ་པའི་རང་བཞིན་

paratantrasvabhāva - The second of the three natures, according to the Yogācāra school. It is the dependent nature that is used to describe the relationship between mind and its objects, though there is a clear emphasis on the latter. Hence, this nature is concerned with the nature of seemingly external objects that arise in dependence upon causes and conditions. Skt. परतन्त्रस्वभाव Tib. གཞན་དབང་གི་རང་བཞིན་

parikalpitasvabhāva - The first of the three natures, according to the Yogācāra school. It is the imaginary nature which is falsely projected onto an object out of confusion. Skt. परिकल्पितस्वभाव Tib. ཀུན་བཏགས་ཀྱི་རང་བཞིན་

Jonang - The Jonang tradition was established by Dölpopa Sherab Gyaltsen, a thirteenth-century Sakya monk famous for his Zhentong teachings. The Jonang teachings and monasteries were suppressed in Tibet in the seventeenth century but survived in Amdo. Tib. ཇོ་ནང་

One of the sūtra sources for the Ratnagotravibhāga, which is only extant in its Chinese translation.

Yogācāra - Along with Madhyamaka, it was one of the two major philosophical schools of Mahāyāna Buddhism. Founded by Asaṅga and Vasubandhu around the fourth century CE, many of its central tenets have roots in the Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra and the so-called third turning of the dharma wheel (see tridharmacakrapravartana). Skt. योगाचार Tib. རྣལ་འབྱོར་སྤྱོད་པ་ Ch. 瑜伽行派

gzhan stong - The state of being devoid of that which is wholly different rather than being void of its own nature. The term is generally used to refer to the ultimate, or buddha-nature, being empty of other phenomena such as adventitious defiling emotions but not empty of its true nature. Tib. གཞན་སྟོང་

neyārtha - Refers to something that is taught for a specific reason, rather than because it is entirely true. Skt. नेयार्थ Tib. དྲང་དོན་

nītārtha - Refers to a teaching that is literally true. Skt. नीतार्थ Tib. ངེས་དོན་

prasajyapratiṣedha - A negation that merely denies the existence of something without implicitly suggesting an alternative. Skt. प्रसज्यप्रतिषेध Tib. མེད་དགག་

tridharmacakrapravartana - Three successive stages of the Buddhist teachings. Though they are traditionally attributed to the historical Buddha, modern scholarship tends to view them as developmental stages that occurred over the course of an extended period of time, with interludes of several centuries, in which we see major doctrinal shifts often based on seemingly newly emergent scriptural sources. Skt. त्रिधर्मचक्रप्रवर्तन Tib. ཆོས་འཁོར་རིམ་པ་གསུམ་

Geluk - The Geluk tradition traces its origin to Tsongkhapa, who propagated a modified version of the Kadampa lojong and lamrim teachings. It is the dominant tradition of Tibet, having established its control of the government under the figure of the Dalai Lama. Tib. དགེ་ལུགས་

guṇa - The qualities or attributes of an enlightened being. Skt. गुण Tib. ཡོན་ཏན་ Ch. 功德

paryudāsapratiṣedha - A negation that denies one thing in such a way that it clearly implies another. Skt. पर्युदासप्रतिषेध Tib. མ་ཡིན་དགག་

Kagyu - The Kagyu school traces its origin to the eleventh-century translator Marpa, who studied in India with Nāropa. Marpa's student Milarepa trained Gampopa, who founded the first monastery of the Kagyu order. As many as twelve subtraditions grew out from there, the best known being the Karma Kagyu, the Drikung, and the Drukpa. Tib. བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་

Kadam - The Kadam tradition, which traces its origin to the teachings of Atiśa, was the first of the so-called New Schools of Tibetan Buddhism, traditions which arose during or after the Second Propagation of Buddhism (phyi dar) in the tenth century. Tib. བཀའ་གདམས་

Tsen Tradition - Tsen Khawoche's "meditative tradition" of exegesis of the Uttaratantra; it is one of two major Tibetan traditions of exegesis, both stemming from students of Sajjana. Tib. བཙན་ལུགས་

dharmakāya - "Truth body" or "true being" — One of the three bodies of a buddha. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, it often refers to a kind of fundamental principle or the true nature of reality itself. Skt. धर्मकाय Tib. ཆོས་སྐུ་ Ch. 法身

Ngok Tradition - Ngok Lotsāwa Loden Sherab's "analytic tradition" of exegesis of the Uttaratantra; one of two major Tibetan traditions of exegesis, both stemming from students of Sajjana. Tib. རྔོག་ལུགས་

dharmatā - The true nature of phenomenal existence. Skt. धर्मता Tib. ཆོས་ཉིད་ Ch. 法性

kun gzhi - Although it is commonly used as an abbreviation of ālayavijñāna (kun gzhi'i rnam shes), in later Tibetan traditions, particularly that of the Kagyu and the Nyingma, it came to denote an ultimate or pure basis of mind, as opposed to the ordinary, deluded consciousness represented by the ālayavijñāna. Alternatively, in the Jonang tradition, this pure version is referred to as ālaya-wisdom (kun gzhi'i ye shes). Skt. आलय Tib. ཀུན་གཞི་

Uttaratantra - The Ultimate Continuum, or Gyü Lama, is often used as a short title in the Tibetan tradition for the key source text of buddha-nature teachings called the Ratnagotravibhāga of Maitreya/Asaṅga, also known as the Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra. Skt. उत्तरतन्त्र Tib. རྒྱུད་བླ་མ་ Ch. 寶性論

Dzogchen - Dzogchen is an advanced system of meditation techniques to reveal the innate state of perfection primarily, but not exclusively, espoused by the Nyingma Buddhist tradition and the Tibetan Bön tradition. Skt. महासन्धि Tib. རྫོགས་ཆེན།

gotra - Disposition, lineage, or class; an individual's gotra determines the type of enlightenment one is destined to attain. Skt. गोत्र Tib. རིགས་ Ch. 鍾姓,種性

rang stong - The state of being empty of self, which references the lack of inherent existence in relative phenomena. Tib. རང་སྟོང་

Nyingma - The Nyingma, which is often described as the oldest tradition of Tibetan Buddhism, traces its origin to Padmasambhava, who is said to have visited Tibet in the eighth century. Tib. རྙིང་མ་

gzhan stong - The state of being devoid of that which is wholly different rather than being void of its own nature. The term is generally used to refer to the ultimate, or buddha-nature, being empty of other phenomena such as adventitious defiling emotions but not empty of its true nature. Tib. གཞན་སྟོང་

sarvākāravaropetāśūnyatā - As opposed to a mere voidness, this phrase refers to an emptiness that is endowed with enlightened qualities and attributes. Tib. རྣམ་ཀུན་མཆོག་ལྡན་གྱི་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་

prabhāsvaratā - In a general sense, that which clears away darkness, though it often appears in Buddhist literature in reference to the mind or its nature. It is a particularly salient feature of Tantric literature, especially in regard to the advanced meditation techniques of the completion-stage yogas. Skt. प्रभास्वर Tib. འོད་གསལ་ Ch. 光明

Dzogchen - Dzogchen is an advanced system of meditation techniques to reveal the innate state of perfection primarily, but not exclusively, espoused by the Nyingma Buddhist tradition and the Tibetan Bön tradition. Skt. महासन्धि Tib. རྫོགས་ཆེན།

ātman - Though it can simply be used as the expression "I" or "me", in Indian thought the notion of self refers to a permanent, unchanging entity, such as that which passes from life to life in the case of people, or the innate essence (svabhāva) of phenomena. Skt. आत्मन् Tib. བདག་ Ch. 我,灵魂

anātman - The nonexistence of the self as a permanent, unchanging entity. Skt. अनात्मन् Tib. བདག་མེད་པ་ Ch. 无我

gzhi - The foundational basis of both saṃsāra and nirvāṇa. It is often used as a synonym for tathāgatagarbha and dharmadhātu. Tib. གཞི་

rgyu'i rgyud - The mind's natural mode that abides as suchness, which remains unchanged from the state of an ordinary being up until enlightenment. Tib. རྒྱུའི་རྒྱུད་

gzhan stong - The state of being devoid of that which is wholly different rather than being void of its own nature. The term is generally used to refer to the ultimate, or buddha-nature, being empty of other phenomena such as adventitious defiling emotions but not empty of its true nature. Tib. གཞན་སྟོང་

svasaṃvedana - An important term for the Yogācāra that refers to a consciousness of consciousness itself, or how one knows that they know something. It was a hotly debated topic that was disputed by followers of the Madhyamaka. In Tibet it would later become a common Dzogchen term, though with the entirely different meaning of one's own innate awareness (rig pa), a crucial concept in the Dzogchen teachings. Skt. स्वसंवेदन Tib. རང་རིག་ Ch. 自證分

prabhāsvaracitta - The luminous aspect of mind that is often contrasted with its empty aspect. It is often used figuratively to reference the cognizant, or knowing, aspect of mind and sometimes more literally as the natural luminosity of mind and luminous wisdom that is experienced in meditation. Skt. प्रभास्वरचित्त Tib. འོད་གསལ་གྱི་སེམས་ Ch. 光明心

prabhāsvaratā - In a general sense, that which clears away darkness, though it often appears in Buddhist literature in reference to the mind or its nature. It is a particularly salient feature of Tantric literature, especially in regard to the advanced meditation techniques of the completion-stage yogas. Skt. प्रभास्वर Tib. འོད་གསལ་ Ch. 光明

dharmadhātu - The fundamental expanse from which all phenomena emerge. Skt. धर्मधातु Tib. ཆོས་དབྱིངས་ Ch. 法界

āgantukamala - Mental stains that are not inherent to the nature of the mind but are temporarily present as the residue of past actions or habitual tendencies. It is sometimes iterated as adventitious defilements (Skt. āgantukakleśa, Tib. glo bur gyi nyon mongs), which references the fickle and temporary nature of disturbing emotions that lack an ultimately established basis for existence. Skt. आगन्तुकमल Tib. གློ་བུར་གྱི་དྲི་མ་

prakṛtisthagotra - The potential for awakening that is inherently present in all beings. Skt. प्रकृतिस्थगोत्र Tib. རང་བཞིན་གནས་རིགས་ Ch. 本性住種性

Great Madhyamaka - The term Great Madhyamaka is utilized in different contexts depending on the tradition. In the Jonang tradition, it generally refers to the Zhentong Madhyamaka philosophy as it was developed and systematized by Dölpopa. In this context, the Great Madhyamaka refers to the presentation of ultimate truth, while Madhyamaka describes the emptiness of the relative level of truth. In the Nyingma tradition, Great Madhyamaka refers to the subtle, inner Madhyamaka that unifies the philosophical positions of Nāgārjuna and Asaṅga. This is presented in opposition to the coarse, outer Madhyamaka that is the dialectic approach of Prāsaṅgika and Svātantrika. In the Kagyu tradition, the term is used in a similar vein in that Madhyamaka is used to refer to philosophical inquiry, while Great Madhyamaka is used to refer to the view arrived at through yogic accomplishment. However, in all of these traditions, Great Madhyamaka is heavily associated with buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha) and the definitive status of these teachings. Skt. महामध्यमक Tib. དབུ་མ་ཆེན་པོ་

śūnyatā - The state of being empty of an innate nature due to a lack of independently existing characteristics. Skt. शून्यता Tib. སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་ Ch. 空,空門

paramārthasatya - "Ultimate truth" or "absolute truth"; the reality of things as they truly are. Skt. परमार्थसत्य Tib. དོན་དམ་བདེན་པ་ Ch. 第一義諦,眞諦

saṃvṛtisatya - "Relative truth" or "conventional truth"; the erroneously perceived reality common to the unenlightened. Skt. संवृतिसत्य Tib. ཀུན་རྫོབ་བདེན་པ་ Ch. 世俗諦,俗諦

Sakya - The Sakya tradition developed in the eleventh century in the Khön family of Tsang, which maintained an imperial-era lineage of Vajrakīla and which adopted a new teaching from India known as Lamdre. Tib. ས་སྐྱ་

Madhyamaka - Along with Yogācāra, it is one of the two major philosophical schools of Mahāyāna Buddhism. Founded by Nāgārjuna around the second century CE, it is rooted in the Prajñāpāramitā Sūtras, though its initial exposition was presented in Nāgārjuna's Mūlamadhyamakakārikā. Skt. मध्यमक Tib. དབུ་མ་ Ch. 中觀見

buddhadhātu - A synonym for tathāgatagarbha widely used throughout the East Asian Buddhist traditions, as found in its translations as the Chinese term fó xìng and Japanese term busshō. Skt. बुद्धधातु Tib. སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཁམས་ Ch. 佛性

"This sūtra became an important scriptural source for the discussion of buddha-nature in China and is famous for associating the term buddhadhātu with tathāgatagarbha.

ekayāna - The notion that ultimately there is only one vehicle, or means, of achieving enlightenment. Skt. एकयान Tib. ཐེག་པ་གཅིག་པ་ Ch. 一乘

triyāna - Commonly seen in a Mahāyāna context, the three vehicles are the Śrāvakayāna, Pratyekabuddhayāna, and Bodhisattvayāna, which reference the three different types of Buddhist practitioners. However, these three vehicles can also reference the three types of Buddhist teachings of the Hīnayāna, Mahāyāna (or Pāramitāyāna), and the Vajrayāna. Skt. त्रियान Tib. ཐེག་པ་གསུམ་ Ch. 三乗

dharmakāya - "Truth body" or "true being" — One of the three bodies of a buddha. In Mahāyāna Buddhism, it often refers to a kind of fundamental principle or the true nature of reality itself. Skt. धर्मकाय Tib. ཆོས་སྐུ་ Ch. 法身

tha mal gyi shes pa - A Mahāmudrā term for the basic state of consciousness that has not been fabricated or altered in any way. Tib. ཐ་མལ་གྱི་ཤེས་པ་

original enlightenment - According to East Asian Buddhism, the intrinsic enlightenment of all sentient beings. This is obscured by the many stains present in the ālayavijñāna. When these are purified, the natural state of enlightenment is recovered, a status known as "actualized enlightenment." Ch. 本覺

gzhan stong - The state of being devoid of that which is wholly different rather than being void of its own nature. The term is generally used to refer to the ultimate, or buddha-nature, being empty of other phenomena such as adventitious defiling emotions but not empty of its true nature. Tib. གཞན་སྟོང་

Kālacakra - Can refer to either the Kālacakra Tantra and its derivative texts or to the systematic tantric tradition based on these texts, as well as the deity Kālacakra upon which the associated practices are centered. Skt. कालचक्र Tib. དུས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ། Ch. 時輪

pratītyasamutpāda - The notion that all phenomena arise in dependence on causes and conditions. Skt. प्रतीत्यसमुत्पाद Tib. རྟེན་ཅིང་འབྲེལ་བར་འབྱུང་བ་,རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ Ch. 緣起

pratītyasamutpāda - The notion that all phenomena arise in dependence on causes and conditions. Skt. प्रतीत्यसमुत्पाद Tib. རྟེན་ཅིང་འབྲེལ་བར་འབྱུང་བ་,རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ Ch. 緣起

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