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From Buddha-Nature
- People/Higgins, D. (category Translators,Independent Researchers)played quite an insignificant role and never gained prominence or an independent status, in the way it was conceived, for instance, in the Tathāgatagarbhasūtra"90 bytes (4,792 words) - 15:22, 1 September 2020
- People/Sheehy, M. (category Translators,Authors of English Works,Independent Researchers)contemplation, and the history of thought and science in Tibet. His writings and translations have given attention to histories of marginalized lineages in Tibet,90 bytes (1,675 words) - 16:41, 23 September 2020
- People/Phuntsho, Karma (category Independent Researchers,Translators,Authors of English Works,Professors,Authors of Tibetan Works)Tibet in the Early Translation Period Video David Germano: On His Current Research Projects Germano, David. "On His Current Research Projects." Conversations14 bytes (32,158 words) - 17:00, 25 June 2020
- selected translations of Mipham Rinpoche’s works that provide readers with a taste of his enormous and extremely varied output. The translations are from12 bytes (16,520 words) - 12:07, 15 July 2019
- the Buddhāvataṃsakasūtra is widely considered to be a compilation of independent scriptures, which was expanded upon over the course of time. It was extremely2 KB (1,953 words) - 14:21, 5 March 2020
- Bathang represents a different, second translation (Bth). As the existence of two independent Tibetan translations of the same Indic text are of rare occurrence90 bytes (5,194 words) - 16:44, 23 September 2020
- Zhiyan 慧嚴 et al., is not an independent translation at all but a revision of Dharmakṣema’s text. D 119/Q 787 is a Tibetan translation from Dharmakṣema’s Chinese24 KB (21,850 words) - 07:54, 15 January 2021
- Tibetan both in Chinese and, now, English translations, in linked publications. Marty Bo Jiang is a research fellow at the American Institute of Buddhist12 bytes (8,767 words) - 14:09, 22 November 2019
- selected translations of Mipham Rinpoche’s works that provide readers with a taste of his enormous and extremely varied output. The translations are from13 bytes (27,573 words) - 15:41, 11 December 2019
- qualities) shares the same mode of emptiness (i.e., the absence of an independent existence), some followers of gzhan stong claim that the ultimate nature12 bytes (28,661 words) - 14:12, 22 November 2019
- People/Perman, M. (category Independent Researchers,Librarians)Tibet in the Early Translation Period Video David Germano: On His Current Research Projects Germano, David. "On His Current Research Projects." Conversations14 bytes (51,999 words) - 18:52, 13 January 2020
- including ideas, material objects, and living beings, lack a permanent and independent nature and thus cannot possess an unchanging, eternalistic form. I12 bytes (6,484 words) - 10:39, 10 May 2018
- qualities) shares the same mode of emptiness (i.e., the absence of an independent existence), some followers of gzhan stong claim that the ultimate nature3 KB (8,334 words) - 16:14, 23 September 2020
- People/Jackson, D. (category Translators,Editors,Independent Researchers)his doctorate in 1985 from the University of Washington and studied and translated for many years in Seattle for the polymath Tibetan scholar Dezhung Rinpoche14 bytes (1,039 words) - 19:07, 27 March 2019
- People/Martin, D. (category Translators,Editors,Independent Researchers)Visiting Lecturer at Indiana, Hamburg, and Harvard Universities. He has held research positions in Bloomington, Oslo, and Jerusalem. His publications include39 bytes (162 words) - 12:06, 5 October 2020
- Bathang represents a different, second translation (Bth). As the existence of two independent Tibetan translations of the same Indic text are of rare occurrence8 KB (12,121 words) - 14:44, 2 November 2020
- uncertain whether they are indeed translations of actual Indian texts. According to BA, there were six translations of the Uttaratantra or RGVV into13 KB (47,586 words) - 12:13, 31 January 2023
- different ways of explaining the meaning of this term. It includes new translations of the Maitreya treatise Mahāyānottaratantra (Ratnagotravibhāga), the13 bytes (10,093 words) - 15:30, 11 December 2019
- Post-Classical Kagyü Discourses on Mind, Emptiness and Buddha-Nature. Vol. II, Translations, Critical Texts, Bibliography and Index. Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie62 bytes (6,205 words) - 17:12, 13 March 2020
- from some teaching work, Hodge has mainly engaged in translation work and also independent research into the textual formation of early Mahāyāna, especially14 bytes (1,130 words) - 12:14, 17 October 2019
- to his time six translations had already been made. In the present paper, I will examine what can be learned about the six translations, those of: (1) Atiśa169 bytes (15,395 words) - 17:13, 7 October 2020
- Meaning” by Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsan, ground section (Source: Padma Karpo Translations) Duff, Tony. A Complete Session of Meditation: The Theory and Practice156 bytes (10,876 words) - 17:41, 31 July 2020
- the Buddhāvataṃsakasūtra is widely considered to be a compilation of independent scriptures, which was expanded upon over the course of time. It was extremely80 bytes (443 words) - 13:42, 6 September 2022
- only fully realized when one understands that the conventional has no independent existence apart from the ultimate and that the latter is a condition of13 bytes (12,578 words) - 15:37, 11 December 2019
- Sanskrit, "Entrance to the Middle Way" (translated also as "Supplement to the Middle Way"); the major independent (as opposed to commentarial) work of the204 bytes (862 words) - 10:01, 2 September 2020
- fascicles (juàn 卷), and Dharmakṣema 曇無讖 translated it as Dà bānnièpán jīng 大般涅槃經 in 40 fascicles. Both translations were completed at the beginning of the12 bytes (43,844 words) - 13:06, 30 April 2018
- 4th;  Book A Gathering of Brilliant Moons A collection of essays and translations featuring advice and instructions of prominent 18-19th century Tibetan90 bytes (4,021 words) - 16:20, 23 September 2020
- five-volume collection of Buddhist translations was collected as Classics of Buddhism and Zen. Another translation from the Muslim wisdom tradition is39 bytes (1,324 words) - 09:52, 24 August 2020
- selected translations of Mipham Rinpoche’s works that provide readers with a taste of his enormous and extremely varied output. The translations are from13 bytes (14,792 words) - 15:40, 11 December 2019
- Books/The Enlightened Heart of Buddhahood (redirect from The Enlightened Heart of Buddhahood: A Study and Translation of The Third Karma pa Rang byung rdo rje's Work on Tathāgatagarbha: The De bzhin gshegs pa'i snying po gtan la dbab pa)Heart of Buddhahood Thesis Thesis Search online This thesis includes a translation of The Third Karmapa Rangjung Dorje's work on Tathāgatagarbha, the Pronouncement7 KB (1,214 words) - 20:29, 20 May 2020
- People/Zwilling, L. (category Authors of English Works,Editors,Translators,Independent Researchers)has published research in a number of fields, including pioneering work on the history of sexuality in ancient India. Since 2005 his research has centered14 bytes (1,056 words) - 11:54, 12 May 2020
- Sanskrit, "Entrance to the Middle Way" (translated also as "Supplement to the Middle Way"); the major independent (as opposed to commentarial) work of the67 bytes (4,889 words) - 10:11, 16 March 2020
- buddha-nature, final wheel and tantras, and perhaps the first Tibetan to compose independent texts on buddha-nature, with his Treatise on Tathāgata Heart and Distinguishing90 bytes (12,537 words) - 13:27, 1 September 2020
- twenty-first sūtra in the Chinese translation of the Dīrghāgama, or the 梵網六十二見經 (fan wang liu shi er jian jing), the individual translation the Taisho edition attributes225 bytes (1,534 words) - 13:56, 27 July 2021
- Tibetan both in Chinese and, now, English translations, in linked publications. Marty Bo Jiang is a research fellow at the American Institute of Buddhist62 bytes (4,916 words) - 17:07, 13 March 2020
- People/Sweet, M. (category Authors of English Works,Independent Researchers,Translators)Buddhist Studies. Since 2001 his research has focused on Ippolito Desideri and the Catholic missions in Tibet. Current research focuses on the first mission14 bytes (924 words) - 12:06, 12 May 2020
- the Buddhāvataṃsakasūtra is widely considered to be a compilation of independent scriptures, which was expanded upon over the course of time. It was extremely132 bytes (891 words) - 21:03, 15 July 2021
- widely used throughout the East Asian Buddhist traditions, as found in its translations as the Chinese term fó xìng and Japanese term busshō. sangs rgyas kyi2 KB (14,267 words) - 23:19, 5 October 2020
- People/Torricelli, F. (category Independent Researchers,Other Authors)taught courses on Tibetan culture in the IsIAO schools (1999–2004). His research is mainly focused on the Indo-Tibetan texts providing documentary evidence108 bytes (389 words) - 12:32, 1 October 2020
- selected translations of Mipham Rinpoche’s works that provide readers with a taste of his enormous and extremely varied output. The translations are from64 bytes (18,347 words) - 17:12, 13 March 2020
- scholarly study of the history, texts, and doctrines of Geluk mahāmudrā and translations of some of its seminal texts. It begins with a survey of the Indian sources12 bytes (8,851 words) - 15:54, 12 June 2018
- only fully realized when one understands that the conventional has no independent existence apart from the ultimate and that the latter is a condition of13 bytes (5,129 words) - 15:41, 11 December 2019
- Post-Classical Kagyü Discourses on Mind, Emptiness and Buddha-Nature. Vol. II, Translations, Critical Texts, Bibliography and Index. Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie62 bytes (13,420 words) - 10:30, 16 March 2020
- systematic treatment of all eleven topics, along with a comprehensive translation (and independent commentary on) The Treasury of Words and Meanings. Germano, David12 bytes (14,520 words) - 15:54, 12 June 2018
- only fully realized when one understands that the conventional has no independent existence apart from the ultimate and that the latter is a condition of12 bytes (12,181 words) - 15:09, 12 June 2018
- Ideas (redirect from Research/Topics)consultation with Ngok's Tibetan translation (rngog 'gyur) of the Uttaratantra, but the author also used the translations made by Naktso and Patsap wherever22 KB (50,630 words) - 10:49, 10 February 2023
- Tibetan translations of the root text, and several Tibetan commentaries. The translation itself is heavily annotated, with extensive translations from the13 bytes (21,704 words) - 15:39, 11 December 2019
- systematic treatment of all eleven topics, along with a comprehensive translation (and independent commentary on) The Treasury of Words and Meanings. Germano, David5 KB (4,232 words) - 18:33, 11 June 2019
- has lived in or near New York’s Hudson Valley, working on occasional translations, carving mani stones and communing with the genius loci. He spoke with12 bytes (4,747 words) - 16:55, 1 May 2018
- to his time six translations had already been made. In the present paper, I will examine what can be learned about the six translations, those of: (1) Atiśa77 bytes (10,435 words) - 10:08, 16 March 2020
- doctoral dissertation "Research on the Thought of the Mean of the Moon" is mainly through the interpretation of the Tibetan translations of the representative14 bytes (1,610 words) - 18:46, 7 July 2020
- presentation of emptiness is quite different from rangtong—emptiness that lacks independent existence, which has had a strong influence on the dissemination of Buddhist14 bytes (5,135 words) - 17:36, 19 July 2018
- Gregory has published on a wide variety of topics including Mahāyāna sūtra translations, Tibetan tantric rituals, Dzogchen teachings, and digital humanities64 bytes (706 words) - 20:04, 19 May 2023
- It is translated by Kosho Yamamoto. Yamamoto, Kosho, trans. Nirvana Sutra: A Translation of Dharmakshema’s Northern Version. CreateSpace Independent Publishing14 bytes (460 words) - 17:08, 28 April 2020
- he would probably unconsciously hold on to the idea of some sort of independent abiding entity or eternal identity, that is, the linghun, which is in12 bytes (5,947 words) - 11:18, 29 October 2019
- The Bibliography (redirect from Research/Secondary Sources)Yamamoto, Kōshō, trans. Nirvana Sutra: A Translation of Dharmakshema’s Northern Version. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2015. Zimmermann, Michael165 KB (39,898 words) - 13:31, 13 May 2024
- Buddha-Nature Book A Gathering of Brilliant Moons A collection of essays and translations featuring advice and instructions of prominent 18-19th century Tibetan90 bytes (4,425 words) - 16:26, 23 September 2020
- about the textual tradition, author, and date of its composition and translations. Gardner, Alex. "On the Ratnagotravibhāga." Buddha-Nature: A Tsadra Foundation39 bytes (1,181 words) - 14:40, 21 September 2020
- presentation of emptiness is quite different from rangtong—emptiness that lacks independent existence, which has had a strong influence on the dissemination of Buddhist14 bytes (3,545 words) - 12:16, 8 August 2018
- presentation of emptiness is quite different from rangtong—emptiness that lacks independent existence, which has had a strong influence on the dissemination of Buddhist78 bytes (3,756 words) - 17:41, 31 July 2020
- the Buddhāvataṃsakasūtra is widely considered to be a compilation of independent scriptures, which was expanded upon over the course of time. It was extremely212 bytes (1,788 words) - 20:07, 15 July 2021
- Prefecture Hōnen was the religious reformer and founder of the first independent branch of Japanese Pure Land Buddhism called Jōdo-shū (浄土宗, "The Pure14 bytes (980 words) - 17:45, 17 October 2019
- several of the texts cited in Part One of the dissertation can be found in translations prepared by other scholars, I have presented my own version for all these12 bytes (7,296 words) - 11:18, 29 October 2019
- only fully realized when one understands that the conventional has no independent existence apart from the ultimate and that the latter is a condition of13 bytes (9,097 words) - 15:43, 11 December 2019
- English translations as well as books, the latest being Tsongkhapa: A Buddha in the Land of Snows and Illuminating the Intent, a translation of Je Tsongkhapa's12 bytes (10,828 words) - 15:54, 12 June 2018
- Texts/Dasheng qixin lun (section Translations)course retaining its own independent thought throughout. In conclusion let me say a word about the difficulty of translating such an abstruse religio-philosophic20 KB (21,256 words) - 14:49, 27 January 2023
- that is inherently enlightened or ultimate truth that is empty only of independent existence? Does the treatise teach ultimate nature of mind according to64 bytes (11,801 words) - 17:14, 13 March 2020
- Chinese and one (or two) Tibetan translations. The result was the first part of the present work, which appeared as an independent article in The Eastern Buddhist44 KB (17,528 words) - 14:16, 14 October 2020
- Sanskrit, "Entrance to the Middle Way" (translated also as "Supplement to the Middle Way"); the major independent (as opposed to commentarial) work of the119 bytes (1,035 words) - 19:08, 11 November 2021
- English translations as well as books, the latest being Tsongkhapa: A Buddha in the Land of Snows and Illuminating the Intent, a translation of Je Tsongkhapa's13 bytes (5,299 words) - 16:23, 11 December 2019
- the Buddhāvataṃsakasūtra is widely considered to be a compilation of independent scriptures, which was expanded upon over the course of time. It was extremely288 bytes (1,078 words) - 13:51, 7 February 2022
- presentation of emptiness is quite different from rangtong—emptiness that lacks independent existence, which has had a strong influence on the dissemination of Buddhist90 bytes (8,041 words) - 16:43, 23 September 2020
- Post-Classical Kagyü Discourses on Mind, Emptiness and Buddha-Nature. Vol. II, Translations, Critical Texts, Bibliography and Index. Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie12 bytes (2,899 words) - 09:16, 22 May 2018
- only fully realized when one understands that the conventional has no independent existence apart from the ultimate and that the latter is a condition of763 bytes (1,222 words) - 12:11, 31 January 2023
- Within: The Tathāgatagarbhasūtra A translation, study, and annotated editions of the Tibetan and Chinese translations of the Tathāgatagarbhasūtra. Zimmermann2 KB (4,212 words) - 12:11, 31 January 2023
- introduction, 3–4) These translations are in need of revision, since there are considerable mistakes in which both translations always agree. Bod-Chos-ḥbyuṅ14 bytes (7,861 words) - 14:19, 6 June 2018
- Mahāparinirvāṇamahāsūtra that are unparalleled in our other three main independent witnesses. (Source: Peeters Online Journals) Radich, Michael. "Reading14 bytes (1,685 words) - 11:52, 20 July 2018
- Vol. 1, Introduction, Views of Authors and Final Reflections. Vol. 2, Translations, Critical Texts, Bibliography and Index. Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie13 bytes (6,040 words) - 15:43, 11 December 2019
- and exegesis of the Uttaratantra on his works. Even though there is no independent work on buddha-nature by 'Jig rten gsum mgon, the topic is widely discussed2 KB (2,649 words) - 12:11, 31 January 2023
- English translations as well as books, the latest being Tsongkhapa: A Buddha in the Land of Snows and Illuminating the Intent, a translation of Je Tsongkhapa's62 bytes (9,200 words) - 17:07, 13 March 2020
- long before modern scientists discovered atoms. We don’t really exist as independent “persons”; we are a conglomeration of all this stuff that we think is14 bytes (5,174 words) - 13:02, 20 November 2020
- Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch: The Text of the Tun-Huang Manuscript with Translations, Introduction, and Notes by Philip B. Yampolsky Book The Platform Sutra440 bytes (2,932 words) - 14:03, 27 July 2021
- scholarly study of the history, texts, and doctrines of Geluk mahāmudrā and translations of some of its seminal texts. It begins with a survey of the Indian sources12 bytes (6,084 words) - 15:55, 12 June 2018
- institutes. Ye Shaoyong and Li Xuezhu have independently paid special attention to these materials and researched them.[1] It was during a lunch break14 bytes (690 words) - 17:47, 7 July 2020
- book includes translations of early Indian commentaries on the text which have been preserved in earlier Chinese and Tibetan translations. (Source Accessed12 bytes (20,371 words) - 11:26, 15 July 2019
- "Inquiry into the Great Matter: A History of Zen Buddhism," an independent film. In his early research, Kraft explored the transmission of Zen from China to Japan14 bytes (867 words) - 13:57, 17 September 2021
- is the inclusion of several translations of papers by noted Japanese scholars who have led the way in this type of research, made available to the Western14 bytes (3,641 words) - 17:48, 20 January 2020
- that is inherently enlightened or ultimate truth that is empty only of independent existence? Does the treatise teach ultimate nature of mind according to12 bytes (3,983 words) - 16:08, 25 September 2018
- is the inclusion of several translations of papers by noted Japanese scholars who have led the way in this type of research, made available to the Western13 bytes (20,422 words) - 12:16, 29 July 2020
- course retaining its own independent thought throughout. In conclusion let me say a word about the difficulty of translating such an abstruse religio-philosophic105 bytes (5,938 words) - 17:33, 23 September 2020
- consultation with Ngok's Tibetan translation (rngog 'gyur) of the Uttaratantra, but the author also used the translations made by Naktso and Patsap wherever12 bytes (3,521 words) - 15:55, 12 June 2018
- and logic, a major subject of his subsequent years of research. Frauwallner's way of translating was straightforward: to remain as close as possible to169 bytes (1,104 words) - 15:44, 7 October 2020
- Tathāgatagarbha Scriptures59 3.1 Evidence for the absolute date of MPNMS-tg59 3.2 Independent evidence for the absolute dates of TGS83 3.3 Summary85 3.4 Takasaki’s5 KB (928 words) - 16:35, 2 November 2022
- Post-Classical Kagyü Discourses on Mind, Emptiness and Buddha-Nature. Vol. II, Translations, Critical Texts, Bibliography and Index. Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie62 bytes (4,152 words) - 17:06, 13 March 2020
- Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra;Theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i ṭīkka;Karma Phuntsho;  Translations & Scholarship Book The Uttaratantra in the Land of Snows With its emphasis413 bytes (1,351 words) - 16:55, 9 June 2020
- he would probably unconsciously hold on to the idea of some sort of independent abiding entity or eternal identity, that is, the linghun, which is in12 bytes (2,240 words) - 11:59, 20 January 2020
- played quite an insignificant role and never gained prominence or an independent status, in the way it was conceived, for instance, in the Tathāgatagarbhasūtra7 KB (1,095 words) - 12:24, 4 June 2020
- Articles/A History of Buddha-Nature Theory: The Literature and Traditions (section Tibetan Translations of the Tathāgatagarbha Sūtras)until the translation of the Ratnagotravibhāga in the late eleventh century. Regarding the translations, the Tathāgatagarbhasūtra was translated around the109 KB (16,256 words) - 16:05, 8 May 2024
- contends that the Kagyüpa mahāmudrā constitutes less a static system than an independent key instruction to be adapted by the guru to different students’ requirements4 KB (862 words) - 13:59, 5 August 2020
- played quite an insignificant role and never gained prominence or an independent status, in the way it was conceived, for instance, in the Tathāgatagarbhasūtra"12 bytes (1,563 words) - 10:22, 11 July 2019
- that is inherently enlightened or ultimate truth that is empty only of independent existence? Does the treatise teach ultimate nature of mind according to77 bytes (3,252 words) - 10:09, 16 March 2020
- Indian and Tibetan materials. Chapter 2 studies six different Tibetan translations of the RGV, clarifying how the RGV was transmitted from India to Tibet12 bytes (4,572 words) - 15:43, 25 September 2018
- comprehensive translation (and independent commentary on) The Treasury of Words and Meanings. Table of Contents About the Book Texts Translated Quotes Part3 KB (1,104 words) - 16:30, 30 July 2020
- Articles/Treatise on Awakening Mahāyāna Faith-Review by Jin (redirect from Review of Treatise on Awakening Mahāyāna Faith, edited and translated by John Jorgensen, Dan Lusthaus, John Makeham, and Mark Strange)Society 89, no. 2 (1969): 429-33. They are either not independent, i.e., as parts of the translations of the commentaries of the treatise (see Sung-bae Park28 KB (4,625 words) - 19:43, 22 October 2020
- Tibetan translations of the root text, and several Tibetan commentaries. The translation itself is heavily annotated, with extensive translations from the551 bytes (93,787 words) - 12:09, 31 January 2023
- Within: The Tathāgatagarbhasūtra A translation, study, and annotated editions of the Tibetan and Chinese translations of the Tathāgatagarbhasūtra. Zimmermann5 KB (23,400 words) - 18:13, 23 February 2021
- an analysis of each recension and translation, an English translation incorporating all recensions and translations and a critical edition of the Tibetan92 KB (13,737 words) - 13:27, 30 September 2020
- The objective of the dissertation is a new translation of The Diamond Scalpel, completed with translations from commentaries written to it, a thorough546 bytes (22,326 words) - 12:09, 31 January 2023
- presentation of emptiness is quite different from rangtong—emptiness that lacks independent existence, which has had a strong influence on the dissemination of Buddhist268 bytes (4,793 words) - 20:33, 4 August 2021
- Primary Sources (redirect from Research/Primary Sources)Sanskrit, “Entrance to the Middle Way” (translated also as “Supplement to the Middle Way”); the major independent (as opposed to commentarial) work of the7 KB (36,661 words) - 12:12, 31 January 2023
- systematic treatment of all eleven topics, along with a comprehensive translation (and independent commentary on) The Treasury of Words and Meanings. Germano, David2 KB (1,272 words) - 17:57, 30 August 2022
- Sanskrit, “Entrance to the Middle Way” (translated also as “Supplement to the Middle Way”); the major independent (as opposed to commentarial) work of the851 bytes (42,740 words) - 12:09, 31 January 2023
- several articles on Tibetan intellectual history and literary translations. Her current research focuses on literary production and discourse from the eighteenth12 KB (1,733 words) - 13:48, 19 October 2017
- Tibetan translations of the root text, and several Tibetan commentaries. The translation itself is heavily annotated, with extensive translations from the535 bytes (174,156 words) - 14:40, 19 January 2021
- presentation of emptiness is quite different from rangtong—emptiness that lacks independent existence, which has had a strong influence on the dissemination of Buddhist2 KB (1,421 words) - 15:55, 3 November 2021
- can is also a common way to indicate a bahuvrīhi compound in Tibetan translations from Sanskrit, as is the case here. The two most basic renderings of6 KB (15,260 words) - 16:59, 18 May 2023
- Within: The Tathāgatagarbhasūtra A translation, study, and annotated editions of the Tibetan and Chinese translations of the Tathāgatagarbhasūtra. Zimmermann562 bytes (23,103 words) - 14:54, 18 January 2021
- matṛjñātayaḥ, which accords with DP and the Chinese translations of this sūtra, while the Tibetan translation has *mātṛmitrajñāyataḥ. MA mātāpitṛjñātayaḥ accords1 KB (1,036,593 words) - 13:32, 18 August 2020
- g.yung drung, and mi 'jig pa (all used to translate Sanskrit śāśvata), are found in the Tibetan translations of treatises such as the Highest Continuum155 KB (25,838 words) - 16:17, 5 October 2020